Division of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, 80 Seymour Street, Hartford, CT 06102, USA.
Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2013 Feb;15(2):301. doi: 10.1007/s11883-012-0301-9.
Statins are widely used for their cholesterol-lowering properties and proven reduction of cardiovascular disease risk. Many patients take statins as long-term treatment for a variety of conditions without a clear-cut understanding of how treatment duration affects the frequency of adverse effects. We aimed to evaluate whether the frequencies of documented adverse events increase, decrease, or remain unchanged with long-term statin use. We reviewed the established literature to define the currently known adverse effects of statin therapy, including myopathy, central nervous system effects, and the appearance of diabetes, and the frequency of these events with long-term medication use. The frequency of adverse effects associated with long-term statin therapy appears to be low. Many patients who develop side effects from statin therapy do so relatively soon after initiation of therapy, so the frequency of side effects from statin therapy when expressed as a percentage of current users decreases over time. Nevertheless, patients may develop side effects such as muscle pain and weakness years after starting statin therapy; however, the absolute number of patients affected by statin myopathy increases with treatment duration. Also, clinical trials of statin therapy rarely exceed 5 years, so it is impossible to determine with certainty the frequency of long-term side effects with these drugs.
他汀类药物广泛用于降低胆固醇和已证实的降低心血管疾病风险。许多患者长期服用他汀类药物治疗各种疾病，但不清楚治疗持续时间如何影响不良反应的频率。我们旨在评估长期使用他汀类药物是否会增加、减少或保持不良反应的频率不变。我们回顾了已建立的文献，以确定他汀类药物治疗的已知不良反应，包括肌病、中枢神经系统效应和糖尿病的出现，以及这些事件在长期用药中的频率。长期他汀类药物治疗相关不良反应的频率似乎较低。许多在开始治疗后不久就出现他汀类药物治疗副作用的患者，因此随着时间的推移，以当前使用者的百分比表示的他汀类药物治疗副作用的频率会降低。然而，患者可能在开始他汀类药物治疗多年后出现肌肉疼痛和无力等副作用；然而，随着治疗持续时间的延长，受他汀类药物肌病影响的患者绝对数量增加。此外，他汀类药物治疗的临床试验很少超过 5 年，因此无法确定这些药物的长期副作用的频率。
