Moore Sally A, Zoellner Lori A
Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
J Exp Psychopathol. 2012 Apr 23;3(3):368-392. doi: 10.5127/jep.024411.
Specific emotion regulation strategies impinge on cognitive resources, impairing memory accuracy; however, their effects on memory distortion have been largely unexamined. Further, little is known about the effects of emotion regulation on memory in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), who exhibit both emotion regulation and memory difficulties. We examined the effects of expressive suppression (i.e., concealing visible signs of emotion), experiential suppression (i.e., suppressing the subjective emotional experience), and control instructions on memory accuracy and distortion in trauma-exposed individuals with PTSD, those without PTSD, and psychologically healthy controls. Expressive and, to a lesser degree, experiential suppression led to poorer memory accuracy and both expressive and experiential suppression led to less memory distortion compared to control instructions. Participants with and without PTSD did not significantly differ. Under high cognitive load, irrelevant details may receive more processing, potentially leading to lower accuracy but improved processing of source information, preventing memory distortion.
特定的情绪调节策略会占用认知资源，损害记忆准确性；然而，它们对记忆扭曲的影响在很大程度上尚未得到研究。此外，对于创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）患者的情绪调节对记忆的影响知之甚少，这些患者既存在情绪调节困难，也存在记忆困难。我们研究了表达抑制（即隐藏情绪的可见迹象）、体验抑制（即抑制主观情绪体验）以及对照指令对有PTSD的创伤暴露个体、无PTSD个体和心理健康对照组的记忆准确性和扭曲的影响。与对照指令相比，表达抑制以及在较小程度上的体验抑制导致记忆准确性较差，而表达抑制和体验抑制均导致记忆扭曲较少。有PTSD和无PTSD的参与者没有显著差异。在高认知负荷下，无关细节可能会得到更多处理，这可能导致准确性降低，但会改善对源信息的处理，从而防止记忆扭曲。
