Fronczak Adam, Polańska Kinga, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk Elżbieta, Bąk-Romaniszyn Leokadia, Korytkowski Przemysław, Wojtyła Andrzej, Kaleta Dorota
Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University, Łódź, Poland.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2012;19(4):754-61.
Comprehensive monitoring informs the stakeholders about the level of tobacco epidemic and helps to allocate tobacco control resources where they are most needed and will be most effective. The aim of the paper was to evaluate the prevalence of daily cigarette smoking and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure among adult citizens of Łódz area in Poland between year 2001 and 2010 by selected characteristics.
For the purpose of the presented analysis, data were used from 3 cross-sectional studies on randomly-selected 3,874 adults from the Łódź area, conducted in 2001, 2005 and 2010. Changes in the rates between the surveys were assessed by odds ratio.
Smoking prevalence remained stable but high between 2001-2010. There was an inverse relationship between smoking prevalence and educational level for both genders (p for trend ≤0.01) in each survey. For men in all surveys, the prevalence of current daily tobacco smoking decreased with increased income (p for trend ≤0.01), and also for women in the 2009-2010 survey (p for trend =0.03). The statistically significant changes for the comparison of 2001 and 2005 surveys were observed for exposure to ETS (p<0.001). Percentages of men and women who declared exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at least one hour per day decreased significantly. Furthermore, the proportion of people who declared exposure to ETS decreased with the increasing age of participants (p for trend ≤0.005), level of education for men in both surveys, and for women in the 2001 survey (p for trend ≤0.003), and income for both men and women in the 2001 survey (p for trend <0.001).
Established, long-term tobacco surveillance systems of smoking and ETS exposure, based on nationally and locally representative samples, are necessary in Poland.
全面监测能让利益相关者了解烟草流行程度，并有助于将烟草控制资源分配到最需要且最有效的地方。本文旨在根据选定特征评估2001年至2010年期间波兰罗兹地区成年公民的每日吸烟率及环境烟草烟雾（ETS）暴露情况。
为进行本分析，使用了2001年、2005年和2010年对罗兹地区随机抽取的3874名成年人开展的3项横断面研究的数据。通过比值比评估各次调查之间率的变化。
2001 - 2010年期间吸烟率保持稳定但仍处于较高水平。每次调查中，男女吸烟率与教育水平均呈负相关（趋势p值≤0.01）。在所有调查中，男性当前每日吸烟率随收入增加而降低（趋势p值≤0.01），在2009 - 2010年调查中女性也是如此（趋势p值 = 0.03）。2001年和2005年调查对比时，在ETS暴露方面观察到具有统计学意义的变化（p < 0.001）。宣称每天至少有一小时暴露于环境烟草烟雾中的男性和女性比例显著下降。此外，宣称暴露于ETS的人群比例随参与者年龄增加而降低（趋势p值≤0.005），在两项调查中男性的教育水平以及2001年调查中女性的教育水平也呈此趋势（趋势p值≤0.003），在2001年调查中男女收入水平也呈此趋势（趋势p值 < 0.001）。
波兰有必要建立基于全国和地方代表性样本的长期吸烟及ETS暴露的烟草监测系统。
