Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada.
Child Abuse Negl. 2013 Feb-Mar;37(2-3):93-101. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.11.005. Epub 2013 Jan 9.
A human rights perspective places the care for children in the obligation sphere. The duty to protect from violence is an outcome of having a declaration confirming inalienable human rights. Nationally, rights may be reflected in constitutions, charters, and criminal codes. Transnationally, the United Nation's (UN) Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) prioritizes a child's basic human rights, given their dependent status. UN CRC signatory countries commit to implementing minimal standards of care for minors. Laws requiring professionals to report child maltreatment to authorities is one practical strategy to implement minimal child protection and service standards. Mandatory reporting laws officially affirm the wrong of maltreatment and the right of children. Mandatory reporting can be conceptualized as part of a resilience process, where the law sets the stage for child safety and well-being planning. Although widely enacted law, sizeable research gaps exist in terms of statistics on mandatory reporting compliance in key settings; obstacles and processes in mandatory reporting; the provision of evidence-based training to support the duty to report; and the training-reporting-child outcomes relationship, this latter area being virtually non-existent. The fact that mandatory reporting is not presently evidence-based cannot be separated from this lack of research activity in mandatory reporting. Reporting is an intervention that requires substantial inter-professional investment in research to guide best practices, with methodological expectations of any clinical intervention. Child abuse reporting is consistent with a clinician's other duties to report (i.e., suicidality, homicidality), practice-based skills (e.g., delivering "bad" news, giving assessment feedback), and the pervasive professional principle of best interests of the child. Resilience requires the presence of resources and, mandated reporting, is one such resource to the maltreated child. Practice strategies identified in the literature are discussed.
从人权角度出发，儿童保育被置于责任领域。保护免受暴力侵害的责任是对不可剥夺的人权宣言的一种结果。在国家层面，权利可能体现在宪法、宪章和刑法典中。在跨国层面，联合国（UN）《儿童权利公约》（CRC）优先考虑儿童的基本人权，因为他们处于依赖地位。CRC 的签署国承诺为未成年人实施最低限度的关怀标准。要求专业人员向当局报告虐待儿童行为的法律是实施最低限度儿童保护和服务标准的一种切实策略。强制性报告法律正式确认了虐待行为的错误和儿童的权利。强制性报告可以被概念化为韧性过程的一部分，其中法律为儿童安全和福祉规划奠定了基础。尽管广泛制定了法律，但在关键环境中关于强制性报告合规性的统计数据、强制性报告的障碍和流程、提供支持报告义务的循证培训以及培训-报告-儿童结果关系方面仍然存在相当大的研究空白，而后者领域几乎不存在。强制性报告目前没有循证依据的事实与强制性报告缺乏研究活动是分不开的。报告是一种干预措施，需要在研究方面进行大量的跨专业投资，以指导最佳实践，并符合任何临床干预的方法学期望。虐待儿童报告与临床医生报告其他职责（即自杀意念、杀人意念）、基于实践的技能（例如，传递“坏”消息、提供评估反馈）以及普遍的专业原则即儿童的最大利益是一致的。韧性需要资源的存在，而强制性报告就是受虐待儿童的一种资源。文献中确定的实践策略将被讨论。
