Center for Health Care Evaluation, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
Subst Abus. 2013;34(1):4-12. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2012.691448.
ABSTRACT Reduced impulsivity is a novel, yet plausible, mechanism of change associated with the salutary effects of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). Here, the authors review their work on links between AA attendance and reduced impulsivity using a 16-year prospective study of men and women with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) who were initially untreated for their drinking problems. Across the study period, there were significant mean-level decreases in impulsivity, and longer AA duration was associated with reductions in impulsivity. In turn, decreases in impulsivity from baseline to Year 1 were associated with fewer legal problems and better drinking and psychosocial outcomes at Year 1, and better psychosocial functioning at Year 8. Decreases in impulsivity mediated associations between longer AA duration and improvements on several Year 1 outcomes, with the indirect effects conditional on participants' age. Findings are discussed in terms of their potential implications for research on AA and, more broadly, interventions for individuals with AUDs.
冲动性降低是与戒酒匿名协会（AA）有益效果相关的一种新颖但合理的变化机制。在这里，作者通过一项对 16 年男性和女性酒精使用障碍（AUD）患者的前瞻性研究，回顾了 AA 参与度与冲动性降低之间的联系，这些患者最初没有接受治疗。在整个研究期间，冲动性呈显著的平均水平下降，AA 持续时间较长与冲动性降低相关。反过来，从基线到第 1 年的冲动性下降与第 1 年的法律问题减少、饮酒和心理社会结果改善以及第 8 年的心理社会功能改善相关。冲动性降低中介了 AA 持续时间较长与第 1 年多个结果改善之间的关联，并且这些间接效应取决于参与者的年龄。这些发现从 AA 研究以及更广泛的 AUD 个体干预的角度讨论了其潜在影响。
