Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3624 Market Street, Suite 205, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Appetite. 2013 May;64:71-80. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.01.004. Epub 2013 Jan 20.
Short sleep duration is associated with weight gain and obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, psychiatric illness, and performance deficits. Likewise, long sleep duration is also associated with poor physical and mental health. The role of a healthy diet in habitual sleep duration represents a largely unexplored pathway linking sleep and health. This study evaluated associations between habitual sleep parameters and dietary/nutritional variables obtained via the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2007-2008. We hypothesized that habitual very short (<5h) short (5-6h) and long (9+h) sleep durations are associated with intake of a number of dietary nutrient variables. Overall, energy intake varied across very short (2036kcal), short (2201kcal), and long (1926kcal) sleep duration, relative to normal (2151kcal) sleep duration (p=0.001). Normal sleep duration was associated with the greatest food variety (17.8), compared to very short (14.0), short (16.5) and long (16.3) sleep duration (p<0.001). Associations between sleep duration were found across nutrient categories, with significant associations between habitual sleep duration and proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. In stepwise analyses, significant contributors of unique variance included theobromine (long sleep RR=0.910, p<0.05), vitamin C (short sleep RR=0.890, p<0.05), tap water (short sleep RR=0.952, p<0.001; very short (<5h) sleep RR=0.941, p<0.05), lutein+zeaxanthin (short sleep RR=1.123, p<0.05), dodecanoic acid (long sleep RR=0.812, p<0.05), choline (long sleep RR=0.450, p=0.001), lycopene (very short (<5h) sleep RR=0.950, p<0.05), total carbohydrate (very short (<5h) sleep RR=0.494, p<0.05; long sleep RR=0.509, p<0.05), selenium (short sleep RR=0.670, p<0.01) and alcohol (long sleep RR=1.172, p<0.01). Overall, many nutrient variables were associated with short and/or long sleep duration, which may be explained by differences in food variety. Future studies should assess whether these associations are due to appetite dysregulation, due to short/long sleep and/or whether these nutrients have physiologic effects on sleep regulation. In addition, these data may help us better understand the complex relationship between diet and sleep and the potential role of diet in the relationship between sleep and obesity and other cardiometabolic risks.
睡眠时长过短（<5 小时）、适中（5-6 小时）和过长（9 小时以上）与体重增加和肥胖、糖尿病、心血管疾病、精神疾病以及表现能力下降有关。同样，睡眠时长过长也与身心健康不佳有关。健康饮食在习惯性睡眠时长中所起的作用是一个在很大程度上尚未得到探索的途径，它将睡眠与健康联系起来。本研究通过 2007-2008 年的国家健康与营养调查（NHANES）评估了习惯性睡眠参数与通过饮食/营养调查获得的饮食/营养变量之间的关系。我们假设习惯性的极短（<5 小时）、适中（5-6 小时）和过长（9 小时以上）的睡眠时间与多种饮食营养变量的摄入有关。总的来说，与正常（2151 卡路里）睡眠时间相比，极短（2036 卡路里）、适中（2201 卡路里）和过长（1926 卡路里）睡眠时间的能量摄入存在差异（p=0.001）。与极短、适中或过长的睡眠时长相比，正常睡眠时长与最大的食物种类（17.8）有关，极短（14.0）、适中（16.5）和过长（16.3）睡眠时长（p<0.001）。在不同的营养类别中发现了睡眠时间之间的关联，其中习惯性睡眠时间与蛋白质、碳水化合物、维生素和矿物质之间存在显著关联。在逐步分析中，独特方差的显著贡献者包括可可碱（长睡眠 RR=0.910，p<0.05）、维生素 C（短睡眠 RR=0.890，p<0.05）、自来水（短睡眠 RR=0.952，p<0.001；极短睡眠 RR=0.941，p<0.05）、叶黄素+玉米黄质（短睡眠 RR=1.123，p<0.05）、十二烷酸（长睡眠 RR=0.812，p<0.05）、胆碱（长睡眠 RR=0.450，p=0.001）、番茄红素（极短睡眠 RR=0.950，p<0.05）、总碳水化合物（极短睡眠 RR=0.494，p<0.05；长睡眠 RR=0.509，p<0.05）、硒（短睡眠 RR=0.670，p<0.01）和酒精（长睡眠 RR=1.172，p<0.01）。总的来说，许多营养变量与短时间和/或长时间睡眠有关，这可能是由于食物种类的差异所致。未来的研究应该评估这些关联是否是由于食欲失调、短/长睡眠引起的，或者这些营养物质是否对睡眠调节有生理影响。此外，这些数据可能有助于我们更好地理解饮食和睡眠之间的复杂关系，以及饮食在睡眠与肥胖和其他心血管代谢风险之间的关系中的潜在作用。
