Qiu Man-Tang, Hu Jing-Wen, Yin Rong, Xu Lin
The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Tumour Biol. 2013 Apr;34(2):613-20. doi: 10.1007/s13277-013-0658-6. Epub 2013 Jan 29.
Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of non-protein coding part of human genome in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Among numerous kinds of non-protein coding RNAs, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a key regulatory role in cancer biology. LncRNAs are dysregulated in different kinds of cancer and the expression levels of certain lncRNAs are associated with recurrence, metastasis, and prognosis of cancer. It is also proved that overexpression of certain lncRNAs, behaving like oncogenes, can promote matrix invasion of cancer cells and tumor growth. In this review, we focus our attention on lncRNAs those have been validated in human cancer tissues to suggest reasonable strategies for future research. We introduce an update view of lncRNA, extract cancer-related lncRNAs from literature, and describe the known functions and possible underlying molecular mechanisms of some well investigated lncRNAs (MALAT1, HOX antisense intergenic RNA, and highly upregulated in hepatocellular cancer), as well as their current and potential future application in cancer diagnosis (PCA3) and treatment (H19).
最近的研究表明，人类基因组中非蛋白质编码部分在致癌作用和转移过程中具有重要意义。在众多类型的非蛋白质编码RNA中，长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）在癌症生物学中发挥着关键的调控作用。lncRNA在不同类型的癌症中表达失调，某些lncRNA的表达水平与癌症的复发、转移及预后相关。此外，已证实某些lncRNA的过表达具有癌基因的作用，可促进癌细胞的基质侵袭和肿瘤生长。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注那些已在人类癌组织中得到验证的lncRNA，以提出未来研究的合理策略。我们介绍了lncRNA的最新观点，从文献中提取了与癌症相关的lncRNA，并描述了一些经过充分研究的lncRNA（MALAT1、HOX反义基因间RNA以及在肝细胞癌中高度上调的lncRNA）的已知功能和可能的潜在分子机制，以及它们在癌症诊断（PCA3）和治疗（H19）方面的当前及潜在应用前景。
