Clinical Research Unit, CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, P.O. Box 10041, Adelaide BC, South Australia 5000, Australia.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2013 Jan 29;10:13. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-10-13.
Energy excess, low fruit and vegetable intake and other suboptimal dietary habits contribute to an increased poor health and the burden of disease in males. However the best way to engage males into nutrition programs remains unclear. This review provides a critical evaluation of the nature and effectiveness of nutrition interventions that target the adult male population.
A search for full-text publications was conducted using The Cochrane Library; Web of Science; SCOPUS; MEDLINE and CINAHL. Studies were included if 1) published from January 1990 to August 2011 and 2) male only studies (≥18 years) or 3) where males contributed to >90% of the active cohort. A study must have described, (i) a significant change (p<0.05) over time in an objective measure of body weight, expressed in kilograms (kg) OR Body Mass Index (BMI) OR (ii) at least one significant change (p<0.05) in a dietary intake measure to qualify as effective. To identify emerging patterns within the research a descriptive process was used.
Nine studies were included. Sample sizes ranged from 53 to 5042 male participants, with study durations ranging from 12 weeks to 24 months. Overlap was seen with eight of the nine studies including a weight management component whilst six studies focused on achieving changes in dietary intake patterns relating to modifications of fruit, vegetable, dairy and total fat intakes and three studies primarily focused on achieving weight loss through caloric restriction. Intervention effectiveness was identified for seven of the nine studies. Five studies reported significant positive changes in weight (kg) and/or BMI (kg/m2) changes (p≤0.05). Four studies had effective interventions (p<0.05) targeting determinants of dietary intake and dietary behaviours and/or nutritional intake.Intervention features, which appeared to be associated with better outcomes, include the delivery of quantitative information on diet and the use of self-monitoring and tailored feedback.
Uncertainty remains as to the features of successful nutrition interventions for males due to limited details provided for nutrition intervention protocols, variability in mode of delivery and comparisons between delivery modes as well as content of information provided to participants between studies. This review offers knowledge to guide researchers in making informed decisions on how to best utilise resources in interventions to engage adult males while highlighting the need for improved reporting of intervention protocols.
能量过剩、水果和蔬菜摄入量低以及其他不良饮食习惯导致男性健康状况不佳和疾病负担增加。然而，让男性参与营养计划的最佳方式仍不清楚。本综述对针对成年男性人口的营养干预措施的性质和效果进行了批判性评估。
使用 Cochrane 图书馆、Web of Science、SCOPUS、MEDLINE 和 CINAHL 对全文出版物进行了搜索。如果符合以下标准，则纳入研究：1）发表于 1990 年 1 月至 2011 年 8 月；2）仅男性研究（≥18 岁）或 3）男性在活跃队列中占比超过 90%。研究必须描述（i）体重的客观测量值在时间上有显著变化（p<0.05），用千克（kg）或体重指数（BMI）表示，或（ii）至少有一项饮食摄入测量值有显著变化（p<0.05），以确定其有效。为了识别研究中的新兴模式，使用了描述性过程。
纳入了 9 项研究。样本量从 53 名到 5042 名男性参与者不等，研究持续时间从 12 周到 24 个月不等。其中 8 项研究有重叠，包括体重管理部分，6 项研究专注于实现与水果、蔬菜、乳制品和总脂肪摄入量变化相关的饮食摄入模式的变化，3 项研究主要侧重于通过热量限制来实现体重减轻。9 项研究中有 7 项研究显示干预有效。5 项研究报告了体重（kg）和/或 BMI（kg/m2）变化的显著正向变化（p≤0.05）。4 项研究的干预措施有效（p<0.05），针对饮食摄入和饮食行为以及/或营养摄入的决定因素。与更好的结果相关的干预特征包括提供有关饮食的定量信息以及使用自我监测和量身定制的反馈。
由于营养干预方案的详细信息有限、传递方式的可变性以及不同传递方式之间的比较以及研究之间向参与者提供的信息内容的可变性，因此男性成功营养干预措施的特征仍存在不确定性。本综述提供了知识，以指导研究人员在如何最好地利用资源进行干预以吸引成年男性方面做出明智的决策，同时强调需要改进干预方案的报告。
