IFREMER (Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
Chemosphere. 2013 Apr;91(2):233-40. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.12.063. Epub 2013 Jan 31.
The levels and congener patterns of HBCDs (hexabromocyclododecanes) and PFCs (perfluorinated compounds) were determined in filter-feeding molluscs collected in 2008 and 2010 along the coasts of mainland France. α-HBCD and PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate) were detected in all samples, revealing widespread contamination of the coastal environment by these emerging contaminants. The spatial distribution of Σ-HBCD concentrations showed higher median levels in samples from the Mediterranean Sea and English Channel respectively, i.e. 0.19 ng g(-1) wet weight (ww) and 0.08 ng g(-1) ww, related to high anthropogenic pressure from urban and industrial activities, while the median concentration was 0.05 ng g(-1) ww in samples from the Atlantic coast. Among PFCs, PFOS was the only compound detected in all samples and PFDA (perfluorodecanoic acid) was the second most frequently-detected compound. PFOS median concentrations were 0.18 ng g(-1) ww, 0.09 ng g(-1) ww and 0.04 ng g(-1) ww in samples from the English Channel, the Atlantic coast and the Mediterranean coast respectively. The highest PFOS concentration was found in the Loire estuary, possibly related to local industrial activities. The Mediterranean samples showed a different pattern, with predominant long-chain PFCAs (perfluorocarboxylic acids), suggesting the presence of alternative sources on the Mediterranean coast. The temporal trends studied in archived samples from the Seine estuary site showed a significant exponential increase in HBCD concentrations between 1981 and 2011, with a doubling time of 7 years, while PFOS levels underwent a significant linear decrease over time. These trends are coherent with current regulations on the use of these compounds. The results presented in this paper provide the first data on the contamination of the French coastal marine environment by the selected emerging compounds, and constitute a reference for the future monitoring of French coastal contamination by emerging contaminants.
在 2008 年和 2010 年，沿着法国大陆的海岸线采集滤食性软体动物，以确定六溴环十二烷 (HBCDs，hexabromocyclododecanes) 和全氟化合物 (PFCs，perfluorinated compounds) 的水平和同系物模式。所有样品中均检测到 α-HBCD 和 PFOS（全氟辛烷磺酸），这表明这些新兴污染物已广泛污染沿海环境。Σ-HBCD 浓度的空间分布显示，来自地中海和英吉利海峡的样品中，中位数水平更高，分别为 0.19ng g(-1)湿重（ww）和 0.08ng g(-1) ww，这与城市和工业活动带来的高人为压力有关，而来自大西洋海岸的样品中，中位数浓度为 0.05ng g(-1) ww。在全氟化合物中，PFOS 是所有样品中唯一检出的化合物，PFDA（全氟癸酸）是第二常见的检出化合物。PFOS 的中位数浓度分别为 0.18ng g(-1) ww、0.09ng g(-1) ww 和 0.04ng g(-1) ww，来自英吉利海峡、大西洋海岸和地中海海岸的样品。在卢瓦尔河口发现了最高的 PFOS 浓度，可能与当地工业活动有关。地中海的样品显示出不同的模式，以长链 PFCAs（全氟羧酸）为主，表明在地中海海岸存在替代来源。在塞纳河河口地点的存档样品中研究的时间趋势表明，HBCD 浓度在 1981 年至 2011 年间呈显著指数增长，倍增时间为 7 年，而 PFOS 水平随时间呈显著线性下降。这些趋势与当前对这些化合物使用的法规是一致的。本文提供了法国沿海海域受选定新兴化合物污染的第一批数据，为未来监测法国沿海新兴污染物的污染情况提供了参考。
