Goedecke Julia H, Levitt Naomi S, Evans Juliet, Ellman Nicole, Hume David John, Kotze Liske, Tootla Mehreen, Victor Hendriena, Keswell Dheshnie
UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, South African Medical Research Council, Parow, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.
J Obes. 2013;2013:952916. doi: 10.1155/2013/952916. Epub 2013 Jan 14.
Women of African ancestry, particularly those living in industrialized countries, experience a disproportionately higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to their white counterparts. Similarly, obesity and insulin resistance, which are major risk factors for T2D, are greater in black compared to white women. The exact mechanisms underlying these phenomena are not known. This paper will focus on the role of adipose tissue biology. Firstly, the characteristic body fat distribution of women of African ancestry will be discussed, followed by the depot-specific associations with insulin resistance. Factors involved in adipose tissue biology and their relation to insulin sensitivity will then be explored, including the role of sex hormones, glucocorticoid metabolism, lipolysis and adipogenesis, and their consequent effects on adipose tissue hypoxia, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Finally the role of ectopic fat deposition will be discussed. The paper proposes directions for future research, in particular highlighting the need for longitudinal and/or intervention studies to better understand the mechanisms underlying the high prevalence of insulin resistance and T2D in women of African ancestry.
与白人女性相比，非洲裔女性，尤其是生活在工业化国家的非洲裔女性，患2型糖尿病（T2D）的比例要高得多。同样，肥胖和胰岛素抵抗作为T2D的主要危险因素，在黑人女性中比白人女性更为严重。这些现象背后的确切机制尚不清楚。本文将重点探讨脂肪组织生物学的作用。首先，将讨论非洲裔女性特有的体脂分布情况，随后探讨特定脂肪储存部位与胰岛素抵抗的关联。接着将探究脂肪组织生物学涉及的因素及其与胰岛素敏感性的关系，包括性激素、糖皮质激素代谢、脂肪分解和脂肪生成的作用，以及它们对脂肪组织缺氧、氧化应激和炎症的后续影响。最后将讨论异位脂肪沉积的作用。本文提出了未来研究的方向，特别强调需要进行纵向研究和/或干预研究，以更好地理解非洲裔女性胰岛素抵抗和T2D高发背后的机制。
