Nono Nankam Pamela A, Nguelefack Télesphore B, Goedecke Julia H, Blüher Matthias
Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang 96, Cameroon.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Apr 19;10(4):622. doi: 10.3390/antiox10040622.
Adipose tissue (AT) storage capacity is central in the maintenance of whole-body homeostasis, especially in obesity states. However, sustained nutrients overflow may dysregulate this function resulting in adipocytes hypertrophy, AT hypoxia, inflammation and oxidative stress. Systemic inflammation may also contribute to the disruption of AT redox equilibrium. AT and systemic oxidative stress have been involved in the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) through several mechanisms. Interestingly, fat accumulation, body fat distribution and the degree of how adiposity translates into cardio-metabolic diseases differ between ethnicities. Populations of African ancestry have a higher prevalence of obesity and higher T2D risk than populations of European ancestry, mainly driven by higher rates among African women. Considering the reported ethnic-specific differences in AT distribution and function and higher levels of systemic oxidative stress markers, oxidative stress is a potential contributor to the higher susceptibility for metabolic diseases in African women. This review summarizes existing evidence supporting this hypothesis while acknowledging a lack of data on AT oxidative stress in relation to IR in Africans, and the potential influence of other ethnicity-related modulators (e.g., genetic-environment interplay, socioeconomic factors) for consideration in future studies with different ethnicities.
脂肪组织（AT）的储存能力在维持全身稳态中起着核心作用，尤其是在肥胖状态下。然而，持续的营养物质过剩可能会使这一功能失调，导致脂肪细胞肥大、AT缺氧、炎症和氧化应激。全身炎症也可能导致AT氧化还原平衡的破坏。AT和全身氧化应激通过多种机制参与了肥胖相关胰岛素抵抗（IR）和2型糖尿病（T2D）的发生发展。有趣的是，不同种族之间的脂肪堆积、体脂分布以及肥胖转化为心血管代谢疾病的程度存在差异。非洲裔人群比欧洲裔人群肥胖患病率更高，患T2D的风险也更高，这主要是由非洲女性的更高发病率所驱动。考虑到已报道的AT分布和功能的种族特异性差异以及全身氧化应激标志物的较高水平，氧化应激可能是导致非洲女性对代谢疾病易感性更高的一个因素。本综述总结了支持这一假设的现有证据，同时承认缺乏关于非洲人AT氧化应激与IR关系的数据，以及其他种族相关调节因素（如基因-环境相互作用、社会经济因素）在未来不同种族研究中需要考虑的潜在影响。
