Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2013 Feb;108(1):77-83. doi: 10.1590/s0074-02762013000100013.
The presence of enteric viruses in biosolids can be underestimated due to the inefficient methods (mainly molecular methods) used to recover the viruses from these matrices. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the different methods used to recover adenoviruses (AdV), rotavirus species A (RVA), norovirus genogroup II (NoV GII) and the hepatitis A virus (HAV) from biosolid samples at a large urban wastewater treatment plant in Brazil after they had been treated by mesophilic anaerobic digestion. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for spiking experiments to compare the detection limits of feasible methods, such as beef extract elution and ultracentrifugation. Tests were performed to detect the inhibition levels and the bacteriophage PP7 was used as an internal control. The results showed that the inhibitors affected the efficiency of the PCR reaction and that beef extract elution is a suitable method for detecting enteric viruses, mainly AdV from biosolid samples. All of the viral groups were detected in the biosolid samples: AdV (90%), RVA, NoV GII (45%) and HAV (18%), indicating the viruses' resistance to the anaerobic treatment process. This is the first study in Brazil to detect the presence of RVA, AdV, NoV GII and HAV in anaerobically digested sludge, highlighting the importance of adequate waste management.
肠病毒存在于生物固体中可能会被低估，因为从这些基质中回收病毒的方法效率低下（主要是分子方法）。因此，本研究的目的是评估在巴西一个大型城市污水处理厂中，经过中温厌氧消化处理后，从生物固体样品中回收腺病毒（AdV）、轮状病毒 A 种（RVA）、诺如病毒基因群 II（NoV GII）和甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）的不同方法。定量聚合酶链反应（PCR）用于加标实验，以比较可行方法（如牛肉膏洗脱和超速离心）的检测限。进行了测试以检测抑制水平，并使用噬菌体 PP7 作为内部对照。结果表明，抑制剂会影响 PCR 反应的效率，而牛肉膏洗脱是一种从生物固体样品中检测肠病毒（主要是 AdV）的合适方法。所有病毒群都在生物固体样品中被检测到：AdV（90%）、RVA、NoV GII（45%）和 HAV（18%），表明病毒对厌氧处理过程具有抗性。这是巴西首次在厌氧消化污泥中检测到 RVA、AdV、NoV GII 和 HAV 的存在，强调了适当废物管理的重要性。
