1Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; and 2Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sport and Physical Activity, University of Cumbria, Lancaster, United Kingdom.
J Strength Cond Res. 2013 Nov;27(11):2997-3000. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31828d4465.
Postactivation potentiation (PAP) refers to increased muscular force generation after previous muscular activity. Various studies have used different squat variations as a PAP stimulus; however, different squat depths can have different mechanical and physiological demands that could yield different PAP levels and subsequent performance. The study aimed to compare the effects of the parallel (PS) and quarter (QS) squat on PAP. Twenty-seven, semiprofessional, male rugby union players (mean ± SD, 18 ± 2 years, 87.2 ± 5.4 kg, 180.7 ± 5.1 cm) performed a countermovement jump (BL-CMJ) followed by a 10-minute rest. Subsequently, they performed 3 PS or QS, at each squat's respective 3-repetition maximum load, in a randomized counterbalanced order. After a 5-minute rest, another countermovement jump (CMJ) was performed (POST-CMJ). Countermovement jump height (JH), peak power (PP), impulse (I), and flight time (FT) were recorded using a contact mat. BL-CMJ and POST-CMJ pairwise comparisons for all variables were conducted for each squat type to examine performance changes. Delta values were compared to examine whether one squat produced better CMJ results. Both squats induced PAP for all the variables (p < 0.05), although PS produced better results than QS (p < 0.05; JH, 4.6 ± 2 vs. 3.5 ± 2 cm; I, 15 ± 6 vs. 12 ± 5 N·s; PP, 285 ± 109 vs. 215 ± 96 W; FT, 34 ± 23 vs. 26 ± 11 milliseconds for PS vs. QS). This is the first study to demonstrate that different squat types can induce PAP and that PS is more beneficial for subsequent CMJ performance compared with QS. It is suggested that the deeper depth of PS, which increases gluteus maximum activation and work produced, is responsible for the increased CMJ performance.
肌肉活动后的易化（PAP）是指先前的肌肉活动后肌肉力量产生增加。各种研究使用不同的深蹲变化作为 PAP 刺激；然而，不同的深蹲深度可能具有不同的机械和生理需求，从而产生不同的 PAP 水平和随后的表现。本研究旨在比较平行（PS）和四分之一（QS）深蹲对 PAP 的影响。27 名半职业男性橄榄球联盟球员（平均 ± 标准差，18 ± 2 岁，87.2 ± 5.4kg，180.7 ± 5.1cm）进行了一次反跳（BL-CMJ），随后休息 10 分钟。随后，他们以随机平衡的顺序，以每个深蹲各自的 3 次重复最大负荷，分别进行 3 次 PS 或 QS。休息 5 分钟后，再次进行反跳（CMJ）（POST-CMJ）。使用接触垫记录反跳高度（JH）、峰值功率（PP）、冲量（I）和飞行时间（FT）。对每个深蹲类型的所有变量进行 BL-CMJ 和 POST-CMJ 的配对比较，以检查性能变化。比较差值以检查一种深蹲是否能产生更好的 CMJ 结果。两种深蹲都诱导了所有变量的 PAP（p<0.05），尽管 PS 产生的结果优于 QS（p<0.05；JH，4.6±2 与 3.5±2cm；I，15±6 与 12±5N·s；PP，285±109 与 215±96W；FT，34±23 与 26±11 毫秒 PS 与 QS）。这是第一项表明不同深蹲类型可以诱导 PAP 的研究，并且 PS 比 QS 更有利于随后的 CMJ 表现。这表明 PS 的更深的深度，增加了臀大肌的最大激活和产生的功，是导致 CMJ 性能提高的原因。
