职业足球运动员的后激活增强的最佳恢复时间。
Optimal recovery time for postactivation potentiation in professional soccer players.
机构信息
Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, Southampton Solent University, Southampton, United Kingdom.
出版信息
J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Jun;28(6):1529-37. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000313.
Resistance exercise may acutely enhance muscle contractile activity, which is known as postactivation potentiation (PAP). Postactivation potentiation augments important skills that require power production that are necessary during soccer performance. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal recovery time to elicit PAP after a bout of high-intensity resistance exercise in professional soccer players. Twenty-two senior professional soccer players (mean [SD]; age, 23 [4.5] years; stature, 1.83 [6.6] m; body mass, 80.9 [7.8] kg) were randomized to either an experimental (n = 11) or a control group (n = 11). Both groups performed a standardized warm-up and baseline countermovement jump (CMJ) followed by a 10-minute recovery. The control group then performed a CMJ at 15 seconds and at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 minutes, whereas the experimental group performed a 3 repetition maximum (RM) squat and then an identical CMJ protocol. No significant differences were found between the groups for CMJ peak power (p > 0.05) or jump height (p > 0.05). No time effect for peak power (F(6,60) = 2.448; p = 0.063) or jump height (F(6,60) = 2.399; p = 0.089) was observed throughout the experimental group trials. Responders (n = 6) displayed individualized PAP profiles at 4 (n = 3), 12 (n = 1), and 16 (n = 2) minutes after conditioning contraction, whereas nonresponders (n = 5) did not. A set of 3RM squats failed to acutely potentiate all participants CMJ performance. Both PAP responders and nonresponders were identified and have individualized PAP time constants. This is not consistent with the previous literature, which used identical protocols. Strength and conditioning practitioners need to individualize recovery "windows" and identify athletes who respond to PAP before undertaking a complex training intervention.
抗阻训练可能会使肌肉收缩活动在短期内增强,这种现象被称为“后激活增强(PAP)”。PAP 可以增强在足球运动中发挥重要作用的、需要产生力量的技能。本研究旨在确定在一场高强度抗阻训练后,专业足球运动员需要多长时间才能恢复以产生 PAP。22 名高级职业足球运动员(平均[标准差];年龄 23[4.5]岁;身高 1.83[6.6]米;体重 80.9[7.8]公斤)被随机分配到实验组(n=11)或对照组(n=11)。两组均进行标准化热身和基础反跳(CMJ),然后休息 10 分钟。对照组随后在 15 秒、4 分钟、8 分钟、12 分钟、16 分钟和 20 分钟时进行 CMJ,而实验组则进行 3 次重复最大(RM)深蹲,然后进行相同的 CMJ 方案。两组间 CMJ 峰值功率(p>0.05)或跳跃高度(p>0.05)无显著差异。实验组试验过程中,峰值功率(F(6,60)=2.448;p=0.063)或跳跃高度(F(6,60)=2.399;p=0.089)无时间效应。6 名应答者(n=6)在适应收缩后 4(n=3)、12(n=1)和 16(n=2)分钟时显示出个体化的 PAP 谱,而 5 名非应答者(n=5)则没有。一组 3RM 深蹲未能使所有参与者的 CMJ 表现立即增强。应答者和非应答者均被识别,并具有个体化的 PAP 时间常数。这与之前使用相同方案的文献不一致。力量和体能训练人员需要个性化恢复“窗口”,并在进行复杂的训练干预之前识别对 PAP 有反应的运动员。