Nowak-Chmura Magdalena, Siuda Krzysztof
Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, 3 Podbrzezie Street, 31-054 Kraków, Poland.
Ann Parasitol. 2012;58(3):125-55.
The paper presents current knowledge of ticks occurring in Poland, their medical importance, and a review of recent studies implemented in the Polish research centres on ticks and their significance in the epidemiology of transmissible diseases. In the Polish fauna there are 19 species of ticks (Ixodida) recognized as existing permanently in our country: Argas reflexus, Argas polonicus, Carios vespertilionis, Ixodes trianguliceps, Ixodes arboricola, Ixodes crenulatus, Ixodes hexagonus, Ixodes lividus, Ixodes rugicollis, Ixodes caledonicus, Ixodes frontalis, Ixodes simplex, Ixodes vespertilionis, Ixodes apronophorus, Ixodes persulcatus, Ixodes ricinus, Haemaphysalis punctata, Haemaphysalis concinna, Dermacentor reticulatus. Occasionally, alien species of ticks transferred to the territory of Poland are recorded: Amblyomma sphenodonti, Amblyomma exornatum, Amblyomma flavomaculatum, Amblyomma latum, Amblyomma nuttalli, Amblyomma quadricavum, Amblyomma transversale, Amblyomma varanensis, Amblyomma spp., Dermacentor marginatus, Hyalomma aegyptium, Hyalomma marginatum, Ixodes eldaricus, Ixodes festai, Rhipicephalus rossicus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The most common species of the highest medical and veterinary importance in Poland is invariably Ixodes ricinus. The review also sets out information on the risks of tickborne diseases in recreational areas of large cities in Poland, ticks as the cause of occupational diseases and dangerous species of ticks attacking people outside the Polish borders. Selected problems of the biology of ticks, the spread of alien species transferred on hosts and prevention of tick attacks have also been presented. The Polish studies on ticks are a valuable contribution to global research on the Ixodida.
本文介绍了波兰蜱类的现有知识、它们对医学的重要性，并综述了波兰研究中心近期开展的关于蜱类及其在传染病流行病学中意义的研究。在波兰动物区系中，有19种蜱（硬蜱目）被确认为在我国永久存在：波斯锐缘蜱、波兰锐缘蜱、蝙蝠钝缘蜱、三角硬蜱、树栖硬蜱、具齿硬蜱、六角硬蜱、淡色硬蜱、缘板硬蜱、加氏硬蜱、额硬蜱、单纯硬蜱、蝙蝠硬蜱、围裙硬蜱、全沟硬蜱、蓖麻硬蜱、微小牛蜱、康氏血蜱、网纹革蜱。偶尔也会记录到转移到波兰境内的外来蜱种：楔齿钝眼蜱、饰纹钝眼蜱、黄点钝眼蜱、宽钝眼蜱、纳氏钝眼蜱、四窝钝眼蜱、横贯钝眼蜱、巨蜥钝眼蜱、钝眼蜱属、边缘革蜱、埃及璃眼蜱、边缘璃眼蜱、埃氏硬蜱、费氏硬蜱、罗氏扇头蜱、血红扇头蜱。在波兰，具有最高医学和兽医学重要性的最常见蜱种始终是蓖麻硬蜱。综述还阐述了波兰大城市休闲区蜱传疾病的风险、蜱作为职业病病因以及在波兰境外攻击人类的危险蜱种等信息。还介绍了蜱生物学的一些选定问题、宿主携带的外来物种传播情况以及蜱叮咬的预防措施。波兰对蜱类的研究对全球硬蜱目研究做出了宝贵贡献。
