Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2013 Mar;11(3):251-63. doi: 10.1586/eri.13.2.
Small cohort studies from countries where both HIV and HBV are endemic demonstrate prevalence rates of chronic hepatitis B in HIV-infected children of between 1 and 49%. While data on coinfected children are limited, results from studies in adults with HIV/HBV coinfection raise the concern that coinfected children may be at a higher risk of liver disease, hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. With the scale-up of combination antiretroviral therapy worldwide, of which lamivudine is included in most first-line regimens, coinfected children treated with lamivudine risk development of HBV resistance mutations. This article summarizes the current literature relevant to HIV/HBV coinfection in children, the options for treatment and highlights priorities for future research.
来自 HIV 和 HBV 均流行的国家的小队列研究表明，HIV 感染儿童中慢性乙型肝炎的患病率为 1%至 49%。虽然关于合并感染儿童的数据有限，但 HIV/HBV 合并感染成人研究的结果表明，合并感染儿童可能面临更高的肝病、肝纤维化和肝硬化风险。随着全球联合抗逆转录病毒疗法的扩大，其中包括大多数一线方案中的拉米夫定，接受拉米夫定治疗的合并感染儿童有发生 HBV 耐药突变的风险。本文总结了目前有关儿童 HIV/HBV 合并感染的文献、治疗选择，并强调了未来研究的重点。
