Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0345, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2013 Aug;41(6):939-57. doi: 10.1007/s10802-013-9730-3.
Several researchers have suggested that the nature of the covariation between internalizing and externalizing disorders may be understood better by examining the associations between temperament or personality and these disorders. The present study examined neuroticism as a potential common feature underlying both internalizing and externalizing disorders and novelty seeking as a potential broad-band specific feature influencing externalizing disorders alone. Participants were 12- to 18-year-old twin pairs (635 monozygotic twin pairs and 691 dizygotic twin pairs; 48 % male and 52 % female) recruited from the Colorado Center for Antisocial Drug Dependence. Genetic and nonshared environmental influences shared in common with neuroticism influenced the covariation among distinct internalizing disorders, the covariation among distinct externalizing disorders, and the covariation between internalizing and externalizing disorders. Genetic influences shared in common with novelty seeking influenced the covariation among externalizing disorders and the covariation between major depressive disorder and externalizing disorders, but not the covariation among internalizing disorders or between anxiety disorders and externalizing disorders. Also, after accounting for genetic and environmental influences shared in common with neuroticism and novelty seeking, there were no significant common genetic or environmental influences among the disorders examined, suggesting that the covariance among the disorders is sufficiently explained by neuroticism and novelty seeking. We conclude that neuroticism is a heritable common feature of both internalizing disorders and externalizing disorders, and that novelty seeking is a heritable broad-band specific factor that distinguishes anxiety disorders from externalizing disorders.
一些研究人员认为，通过研究气质或个性与这些障碍之间的关联，可以更好地理解内化和外化障碍之间的共变性质。本研究考察了神经质作为内化和外化障碍的潜在共同特征，以及寻求新奇作为影响外化障碍的潜在广泛特定特征。参与者为来自科罗拉多州反社会药物依赖中心的 12 至 18 岁的双胞胎（635 对同卵双胞胎和 691 对异卵双胞胎；48%为男性，52%为女性）。神经质的遗传和非共享环境影响共同影响了不同内化障碍之间的共变、不同外化障碍之间的共变以及内化和外化障碍之间的共变。与寻求新奇共享的遗传影响共同影响了外化障碍之间的共变以及重性抑郁障碍和外化障碍之间的共变，但不影响内化障碍之间的共变或焦虑障碍与外化障碍之间的共变。此外，在考虑神经质和寻求新奇共同的遗传和环境影响后，所检查的障碍之间没有显著的共同遗传或环境影响，这表明障碍之间的协方差可以通过神经质和寻求新奇得到充分解释。我们得出结论，神经质是内化障碍和外化障碍的遗传共同特征，寻求新奇是区分焦虑障碍和外化障碍的遗传广泛特定因素。
