Tsukahara Tamotsu
Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-System Control, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
J Lipids. 2013;2013:246597. doi: 10.1155/2013/246597. Epub 2013 Feb 7.
Lysophospholipid (LPL) has long been recognized as a membrane phospholipid metabolite. Recently, however, the LPL has emerged as a candidate for diagnostic and pharmacological interest. LPLs include lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), alkyl glycerol phosphate (AGP), cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA), and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). These biologically active lipid mediators serve to promote a variety of responses that include cell proliferation, migration, and survival. These LPL-related responses are mediated by cell surface G-protein-coupled receptors and also intracellular receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ ). In this paper, we focus mainly on the most recent findings regarding the biological function of nuclear receptor-mediated lysophospholipid signaling in mammalian systems, specifically as they relate to health and diseases. Also, we will briefly review the biology of PPAR γ and then provide an update of lysophospholipids PPAR γ ligands that are under investigation as a therapeutic compound and which are targets of PPAR γ relevant to diseases.
溶血磷脂（LPL）长期以来一直被认为是一种膜磷脂代谢产物。然而，最近LPL已成为具有诊断和药理学研究价值的候选物质。LPL包括溶血磷脂酸（LPA）、烷基甘油磷酸酯（AGP）、环磷酸酯酸（cPA）和鞘氨醇-1-磷酸（S1P）。这些生物活性脂质介质有助于促进多种反应，包括细胞增殖、迁移和存活。这些与LPL相关的反应由细胞表面G蛋白偶联受体以及细胞内受体过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPARγ）介导。在本文中，我们主要关注核受体介导的溶血磷脂信号在哺乳动物系统中的生物学功能的最新发现，特别是它们与健康和疾病的关系。此外，我们将简要回顾PPARγ的生物学特性，然后提供正在作为治疗化合物进行研究的溶血磷脂PPARγ配体的最新情况，这些配体是与疾病相关的PPARγ靶点。
