Waber Deborah P, Bryce Cyralene P, Girard Jonathan M, Zichlin Miriam, Fitzmaurice Garrett M, Galler Janina R
Nutr Neurosci. 2014 Feb;17(2):58-64. doi: 10.1179/1476830513Y.0000000061. Epub 2013 Nov 26.
To evaluate IQ and academic skills in adults who experienced an episode of moderate-to-severe infantile malnutrition and a healthy control group, all followed since childhood in the Barbados Nutrition Study.
IQ and academic skills were assessed in 77 previously malnourished adults (mean age = 38.4 years; 53% male) and 59 controls (mean age = 38.1 years; 54% male). Group comparisons were carried out by multiple regression and logistic regression, adjusted for childhood socioeconomic factors.
The previously malnourished group showed substantial deficits on all outcomes relative to healthy controls (P < 0.0001). IQ scores in the intellectual disability range (< 70) were nine times more prevalent in the previously malnourished group (odds ratio = 9.18; 95% confidence interval = 3.50-24.13). Group differences in IQ of approximately one standard deviation were stable from adolescence through mid-life.
Moderate-to-severe malnutrition during infancy is associated with a significantly elevated incidence of impaired IQ in adulthood, even when physical growth is completely rehabilitated. An episode of malnutrition during the first year of life carries risk for significant lifelong functional morbidity.
在巴巴多斯营养研究中，评估经历过中重度婴幼儿营养不良的成年人以及健康对照组的智商和学术技能，所有对象均自童年起开始跟踪研究。
对77名曾患营养不良的成年人（平均年龄 = 38.4岁；53%为男性）和59名对照组（平均年龄 = 38.1岁；54%为男性）进行智商和学术技能评估。通过多元回归和逻辑回归进行组间比较，并对童年社会经济因素进行调整。
与健康对照组相比，曾患营养不良的组在所有结果上均显示出显著缺陷（P < 0.0001）。智力残疾范围内（< 70）的智商分数在曾患营养不良的组中更为普遍，是对照组的9倍（优势比 = 9.18；95%置信区间 = 3.50 - 24.13）。从青春期到中年，两组在智商上约一个标准差的差异保持稳定。
婴儿期的中重度营养不良与成年期智商受损的发生率显著升高有关，即使身体生长已完全恢复。生命第一年的一次营养不良发作会带来显著的终身功能发病风险。
