Handryastuti Setyo, Pusponegoro Hardiono D, Nurdadi Surastuti, Chandra Anita, Pramita Feka A, Soebadi Amanda, Widjaja Ivan R, Rafli Achmad
Department of Child Health, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Tertiary General Hospital-Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
J Nutr Metab. 2022 Jul 12;2022:9775727. doi: 10.1155/2022/9775727. eCollection 2022.
Stunting is the impaired growth and development that children experience from poor nutrition, repeated infection, and inadequate psychosocial stimulation. Children are defined as stunted if their height-for-age is more than two standard deviations below the WHO Child Growth Standards median. According to the Indonesia Basic National Health Survey 2013, Indonesia's stunting prevalence reached 37.2%. Various studies have shown that impaired cognitive development is found in children with stunting and undernutrition. This study aims to determine cognitive development in stunted and undernutrition with normal stature children using the Bayley Scale of Infant Development III (Bayley-III).
A cross-sectional study on 51 children aged one month to 3 years who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and who visited the outpatient clinic of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital from June 2017 to January 2018 was performed. Cognitive development was assessed using the Bayley Scale of Infant Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III).
26 children with stunting and 25 children with undernutrition with normal stature participated in this study. There was a statistically nonsignificant trend toward lower median score percentiles in the stunted group compared to that in the undernourished with normal stature group in the motor (median (range) 1 (0.1-75) vs. 4 (0-79); =0.183), cognitive (12.5 (0.1-75) vs. 16 (0.1-99.9); =0.550), and adaptive behavior (7 (0.1-75) vs. 12 (0.1-58); =0.657) domains.
There is a trend toward lower cognitive, motor, and adaptive behavior abilities in stunted children compared to undernourished children with normal stature which needs further study. In addition, children with undernutrition have below-average abilities across all domains even before stunting has occurred.
发育迟缓是儿童因营养不良、反复感染和心理社会刺激不足而经历的生长发育受损。如果儿童的年龄别身高低于世界卫生组织儿童生长标准中位数两个标准差以上，则被定义为发育迟缓。根据2013年印度尼西亚基本国家卫生调查，印度尼西亚的发育迟缓患病率达到37.2%。各种研究表明，发育迟缓和营养不良的儿童存在认知发展受损的情况。本研究旨在使用贝利婴儿发展量表第三版（Bayley-III）确定发育迟缓和营养不良但身材正常的儿童的认知发展情况。
对2017年6月至2018年1月期间在西托·曼古库苏莫国家综合医院门诊就诊、符合纳入标准的51名1个月至3岁儿童进行了横断面研究。使用贝利婴儿发展量表第三版（Bayley-III）评估认知发展。
26名发育迟缓儿童和25名身材正常但营养不良的儿童参与了本研究。在运动（中位数（范围）1（0.1 - 75）对4（0 - 79）；P = 0.183）、认知（12.5（0.1 - 75）对16（0.1 - 99.9）；P = 0.550）和适应性行为（7（0.1 - 75）对12（0.1 - 58）；P = 0.657）领域，发育迟缓组的中位数得分百分位数有低于身材正常但营养不良组的趋势，但差异无统计学意义。
与身材正常但营养不良的儿童相比，发育迟缓儿童在认知、运动和适应性行为能力方面有降低的趋势，这需要进一步研究。此外，即使在发育迟缓发生之前，营养不良的儿童在所有领域的能力也低于平均水平。
