Department of Health, Behavior and Society and Center for Injury Research and Policy, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Health Educ Res. 2013 Aug;28(4):599-611. doi: 10.1093/her/cyt046. Epub 2013 Mar 13.
While largely preventable, fire and hot water-related injuries are common in the United States. Measures recommended to reduce these injuries are smoke alarms (SAs) and lowered hot water temperatures. This study aims to: (i) describe the prevalence of working SAs and safe water temperatures among low-income, urban communities and (ii) explore the relationship between these behaviors and individuals' knowledge and beliefs about them. In this cross-sectional study, the Health Belief Model was used as a guide for understanding the safety behaviors. A total of 603 households had their SAs and hot tap water temperatures tested and were surveyed about their knowledge and beliefs related to these safety behaviors. We found that 40% of households had working SAs on every level and 57% had safe hot water temperatures. Perceived severity and self-efficacy were significantly associated with SA coverage, whereas perceived susceptibility and beliefs about benefits were significantly associated with safe hot water temperatures. This study demonstrates the need to increase the number of homes with working SAs and safe hot water temperatures. Messages focused on a safe home environment could communicate the ease and harm reduction features of SAs and benefits and risk reduction features of safe hot water temperatures.
虽然火灾和热水相关伤害在很大程度上是可以预防的，但它们在美国很常见。建议采取的减少这些伤害的措施包括安装烟雾报警器 (SAs) 和降低热水温度。本研究旨在：(i) 描述低收入城市社区中工作中的 SAs 和安全水温的流行程度；(ii) 探讨这些行为与个人对这些行为的知识和信念之间的关系。在这项横断面研究中，健康信念模型被用作理解安全行为的指南。共有 603 户家庭的 SAs 和热水龙头温度进行了测试，并对他们与这些安全行为相关的知识和信念进行了调查。我们发现，40%的家庭在每个层面都有工作中的 SAs，57%的家庭有安全的热水温度。感知严重程度和自我效能感与 SAs 的覆盖范围显著相关，而感知易感性和对收益的信念与安全热水温度显著相关。这项研究表明，需要增加拥有工作中的 SAs 和安全热水温度的家庭数量。以安全家庭环境为重点的信息可以传达 SAs 的易用性和减少伤害的特点，以及安全热水温度的收益和风险降低的特点。
