Salmaso Stefano, Caliceti Paolo
Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
J Drug Deliv. 2013;2013:374252. doi: 10.1155/2013/374252. Epub 2013 Mar 7.
Over the last few decades, nanocarriers for drug delivery have emerged as powerful tools with unquestionable potential to improve the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs. Many colloidal drug delivery systems are underdevelopment to ameliorate the site specificity of drug action and reduce the systemic side effects. By virtue of their small size they can be injected intravenously and disposed into the target tissues where they release the drug. Nanocarriers interact massively with the surrounding environment, namely, endothelium vessels as well as cells and blood proteins. Consequently, they are rapidly removed from the circulation mostly by the mononuclear phagocyte system. In order to endow nanosystems with long circulation properties, new technologies aimed at the surface modification of their physicochemical features have been developed. In particular, stealth nanocarriers can be obtained by polymeric coating. In this paper, the basic concept underlining the "stealth" properties of drug nanocarriers, the parameters influencing the polymer coating performance in terms of opsonins/macrophages interaction with the colloid surface, the most commonly used materials for the coating process and the outcomes of this peculiar procedure are thoroughly discussed.
在过去几十年中，用于药物递送的纳米载体已成为强大的工具，具有改善抗癌药物治疗效果的毋庸置疑的潜力。许多胶体药物递送系统正在开发中，以改善药物作用的部位特异性并减少全身副作用。由于其尺寸小，它们可以静脉注射并分布到释放药物的靶组织中。纳米载体与周围环境大量相互作用，即内皮血管以及细胞和血液蛋白。因此，它们大多通过单核吞噬细胞系统迅速从循环中清除。为了赋予纳米系统长循环特性，已经开发了旨在对其物理化学特征进行表面改性的新技术。特别是，可以通过聚合物涂层获得隐形纳米载体。本文深入讨论了药物纳米载体“隐形”特性的基本概念、影响聚合物涂层性能（就调理素/巨噬细胞与胶体表面的相互作用而言）的参数、涂层过程中最常用的材料以及这一特殊过程的结果。
