Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 561-712, Korea.
Yonsei Med J. 2013 May 1;54(3):560-6. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2013.54.3.560.
In 2009, pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus (H1N1 09) started to spread quickly in many countries. It causes respiratory infection with signs and symptoms of common infectious agents. Thus, clinicians sometimes may miss the H1N1 patient. Clinical laboratory tests are important for the diagnosis of the H1N1 infection. There are several tests available, however, the rapid test and direct fluorescence antigen test are unable to rule out the influenza virus infection and viral culture test is time consuming. Therefore, nucleic acid amplification techniques based on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays are regarded as a specific diagnosis to confirm the influenza virus infection. Although the nucleic acid-based techniques are highly sensitive and specific, the high mutation rate of the influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase could limit the utility of the techniques. In addition, their use depends on the availability, cost and throughput of the diagnostic techniques. To overcome these drawbacks, evaluation and development of the techniques should be continued. This review provides an overview of various techniques for specific diagnosis of influenza infection.
2009 年，甲型 H1N1 流感病毒（H1N109）开始在许多国家迅速传播。它引起具有常见病原体感染迹象和症状的呼吸道感染。因此，临床医生有时可能会漏诊 H1N1 患者。临床实验室检测对于 H1N1 感染的诊断很重要。有几种检测方法，但快速检测和直接荧光抗原检测不能排除流感病毒感染，病毒培养检测耗时较长。因此，基于逆转录聚合酶链反应检测的核酸扩增技术被认为是一种特定的诊断方法，可用于确认流感病毒感染。尽管基于核酸的技术具有很高的敏感性和特异性，但流感 RNA 依赖性 RNA 聚合酶的高突变率可能会限制这些技术的应用。此外，它们的使用取决于诊断技术的可用性、成本和通量。为了克服这些缺点，应该继续评估和开发这些技术。本文综述了流感感染的各种特定诊断技术。
