a Department of Psychology , The University of Iowa.
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2013;42(5):700-12. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2013.782815. Epub 2013 Apr 4.
This multimethod study of mothers and toddlers (a) examined the effectiveness of a play-based intervention (child-oriented play vs. play-as-usual) on children's cooperation with their mothers and socioemotional competence; (b) introduced a robust new measure of maternal engagement in the intervention, reflected in the dose of child-oriented play the mother delivered to the child; and (c) examined ecological factors that predicted maternal engagement, and the effect of engagement on the outcomes. Low-income mothers (N = 186, 11% Latino, 27% minority) were randomized into child-oriented play group or play-as-usual group, participated in 8 play sessions, and played daily with their children for 10 weeks. Microscopic coding of mothers' behavior in play sessions assessed the dose of child-oriented play delivered to children; mothers' diaries assessed time in daily play. Children's cooperation with maternal control, observed in the laboratory, and mother-rated competence were measured before randomization (Pretest), after play sessions (Posttest 1), and 6 months later (Posttest 2). Children in both groups made significant gains in both outcomes. The gains in cooperation appeared longer lasting in child-oriented play group. Both groups made significantly greater gains than a "historical community control" group, an unrelated longitudinal study without any intervention. Structural equation analyses revealed that married mothers and those with fewer children delivered higher doses of child-oriented play, and those doses predicted children's higher cooperation and competence, with the effects of earlier scores covaried. The dose of time spent in daily play had no effect. Child-oriented play may be a promising, effective, and inexpensive means of promoting toddlers' positive development.
本多方法研究了母亲和幼儿（a）考察了基于游戏的干预（以儿童为导向的游戏与常规游戏）对儿童与母亲合作和社会情感能力的有效性；（b）引入了一种新的、强有力的母亲在干预中的投入措施，反映在母亲向孩子提供的以儿童为导向的游戏剂量上；（c）考察了预测母亲投入的生态因素，以及投入对结果的影响。低收入母亲（N=186，11%拉丁裔，27%少数民族）被随机分为以儿童为导向的游戏组或常规游戏组，参加 8 次游戏，在 10 周内每天与孩子一起玩。在游戏中对母亲行为进行微观编码，评估向孩子提供的以儿童为导向的游戏剂量；母亲的日记评估每天的游戏时间。在随机分组前（前测）、游戏结束后（后测 1）和 6 个月后（后测 2），通过实验室观察评估儿童与母亲控制的合作情况，以及母亲评定的能力。两组儿童在两个结果上都有显著的提高。在以儿童为导向的游戏组中，合作方面的提高似乎更持久。与没有任何干预的“历史社区对照组”相比，两组都取得了显著更大的进步。结构方程分析表明，已婚母亲和子女较少的母亲提供了更高剂量的以儿童为导向的游戏，而这些剂量预测了儿童更高的合作和能力，同时也考虑了早期分数的协方差。每天花在游戏上的时间剂量没有影响。以儿童为导向的游戏可能是一种有前途、有效和廉价的促进幼儿积极发展的方式。
