男性在人格方面的差异比女性更大吗？一项针对51种文化的研究。
Do Men Vary More than Women in Personality? A Study in 51 Cultures.
作者信息
Borkenau Peter, McCrae Robert R, Terracciano Antonio
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
出版信息
J Res Pers. 2013 Apr;47(2):135-144. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2012.12.001.
Abstract
Do men vary more than women in personality? Evolutionary, genetic, and cultural arguments suggest that hypothesis. In this study we tested it using 12,156 college student raters from 51 cultures who described a person they knew well on the 3rd-person version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. In most cultures, male targets varied more than female targets, and ratings by female informants varied more than ratings by male informants, which may explain why higher variances for men are not found in self-reports. Variances were higher in more developed, and effects of target sex were stronger in more individualistic societies. It seems that individualistic cultures enable a less restricted expression of personality, resulting in larger variances and particularly so among men.
摘要
男性在性格上的差异比女性更大吗？进化、遗传和文化方面的论据支持了这一假设。在本研究中，我们对来自51种文化的12156名大学生评分者进行了测试，他们根据修订版大五人格量表的第三人称版本描述了一个他们熟悉的人。在大多数文化中，男性目标对象的差异比女性目标对象更大，女性评分者的评分差异比男性评分者更大，这或许可以解释为何在自我报告中未发现男性有更高的方差。在更发达的文化中，方差更高，在更个人主义的社会中，目标对象性别的影响更强。似乎个人主义文化使得个性表达限制更少，从而导致更大的方差，男性尤其如此。
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