Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e60637. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060637. Epub 2013 Apr 1.
Cognitive complaints involving problems with concentration, memory, decision-making and thinking are relatively common in the work force. The sensitivity of both subjective and objective cognitive functioning to common psychiatric conditions, stress levels and to cognitive load makes it plausible that psychosocial working conditions play a role in cognitive complaints. Thus, this study aimed to test the associations between psychosocial work factors and cognitive complaints in nationally representative samples of the Swedish work force. Cross-sectional (n = 9751) and prospective (n = 3644; two time points two years apart) sequential multiple regression analyses were run, adjusting for general confounders, depressive- and sleeping problems. Additional prospective analyses were run adjusting for baseline cognitive complaints.
CROSS/SECTIONAL RESULTS: High quantitative demands, information and communication technology (ICT) demands, under qualification and conflicts were positively associated with cognitive complaints, while social support, good resources at work and over qualification were negatively associated with cognitive complaints in all models. Skill discretion and decision authority were weakly associated with cognitive complaints. Conflicts were more strongly associated with cognitive complaints in women than in men, after adjustment for general confounders.
Quantitative job demands, ICT demands and under qualification were positively associated with future cognitive complaints in all models, including when adjusted for baseline cognitive complaints. Decision authority was weakly positively associated with future cognitive complaints, only after adjustment for depressive- and sleeping problems respectively. Social support was negatively associated with future cognitive complaints after adjustment for general confounders and baseline cognitive complaints. Skill discretion and resources were negatively associated with future cognitive complaints after adjustment for general confounders. The associations between quantitative demands and future cognitive complaints were stronger in women.
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that psychosocial working conditions should be taken into account when considering cognitive complaints among employees.
在劳动力中，涉及注意力、记忆力、决策和思维问题的认知主诉相对常见。主观和客观认知功能对常见精神状况、压力水平和认知负荷均敏感，这使得心理社会工作条件在认知主诉中发挥作用的可能性较大。因此，本研究旨在检验瑞典劳动力中具有代表性的全国样本中，心理社会工作因素与认知主诉之间的关联。进行了横断面（n=9751）和前瞻性（n=3644；两次时间点，间隔两年）连续多重回归分析，调整了一般混杂因素、抑郁和睡眠问题。进行了额外的前瞻性分析，调整了基线认知主诉。
横断/前瞻性结果：高定量需求、信息和通信技术（ICT）需求、低资质和冲突与认知主诉呈正相关，而社会支持、良好的工作资源和高资质与所有模型中的认知主诉呈负相关。技能裁量权和决策权与认知主诉呈弱相关。在调整一般混杂因素后，冲突与女性认知主诉的关联比男性更紧密。
定量工作需求、ICT 需求和低资质与所有模型中的未来认知主诉呈正相关，包括在调整基线认知主诉后。决策权仅在分别调整抑郁和睡眠问题后，与未来认知主诉呈弱正相关。社会支持与未来认知主诉呈负相关，在调整一般混杂因素和基线认知主诉后。技能裁量权和资源与未来认知主诉呈负相关，在调整一般混杂因素后。定量需求与未来认知主诉之间的关联在女性中更强。
讨论/结论：研究结果表明，在考虑员工的认知主诉时，应考虑心理社会工作条件。
