Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS;
Nicotine Tob Res. 2013 Oct;15(10):1714-21. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntt047. Epub 2013 Apr 8.
Cigarette smokers experience higher levels of depressive symptoms and are more likely to be diagnosed with depressive disorders than nonsmokers. To date, the nature of the smoking-depression relationship has not been adequately studied among heavy smokers, a group at elevated risk for poor health outcomes. In this study, we examined depressive symptom expression among heavy smokers while considering the moderating roles of smoking status, gender, and race. We also explored whether amount of tobacco usually consumed had an impact.
We extracted data from a large, highly nicotine-dependent, nontreatment cigarette smoking study sample (N = 6,158). Participants who consented were screened for major exclusions, and they completed questionnaires.
Smokers reported a higher, clinically meaningful level of depressive symptoms relative to nonsmokers (27.3% of smokers vs. 12.5% of nonsmokers) scored above the clinical cutoff on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale (p < .001), which differed among race × gender subgroups. Further, amount of daily intake was inversely associated with self-report of depressive symptoms. For every 10-cigarette increment, the likelihood of scoring above the CES-D clinical cutoff decreased by 62% (p < .0001).
These findings improve our understanding of tobacco's influence on depressive symptom expression among heavy smokers, with implications for tailoring evidence-based tobacco treatments.
吸烟者经历更高水平的抑郁症状，并且比不吸烟者更有可能被诊断为抑郁障碍。迄今为止，在高风险健康状况不佳的重度吸烟者中，对吸烟与抑郁的关系的性质尚未进行充分研究。在这项研究中，我们研究了重度吸烟者的抑郁症状表现，同时考虑了吸烟状况、性别和种族的调节作用。我们还探讨了通常消耗的烟草量是否有影响。
我们从一个大型、高度尼古丁依赖、非治疗性吸烟研究样本中提取数据（N = 6158）。同意参与的参与者接受了主要排除标准的筛选，并完成了问卷调查。
与不吸烟者相比，吸烟者报告了更高的、具有临床意义的抑郁症状水平（27.3%的吸烟者与 12.5%的不吸烟者）在流行病学研究抑郁量表（CES-D）上的临床截止值以上（p <.001），这在种族×性别亚组之间有所不同。此外，每日摄入量与自我报告的抑郁症状呈负相关。每天增加 10 支烟，CES-D 临床截止值的评分可能性降低 62%（p <.0001）。
这些发现提高了我们对烟草对重度吸烟者抑郁症状表达影响的理解，这对基于证据的烟草治疗方法的定制具有重要意义。
