Sprenger Julia U, Nikolaev Viacheslav O
Emmy Noether Group of the DFG, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, European Heart Research Insitute Göttingen, Georg August University Medical Center, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2013 Apr 12;14(4):8025-46. doi: 10.3390/ijms14048025.
Cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP are ubiquitous second messengers which regulate myriads of functions in virtually all eukaryotic cells. Their intracellular effects are often mediated via discrete subcellular signaling microdomains. In this review, we will discuss state-of-the-art techniques to measure cAMP and cGMP in biological samples with a particular focus on live cell imaging approaches, which allow their detection with high temporal and spatial resolution in living cells and tissues. Finally, we will describe how these techniques can be applied to the analysis of second messenger dynamics in subcellular signaling microdomains.
环核苷酸cAMP和cGMP是普遍存在的第二信使，它们调节几乎所有真核细胞中的无数功能。它们在细胞内的作用通常通过离散的亚细胞信号微区介导。在本综述中，我们将讨论用于测量生物样品中cAMP和cGMP的最新技术，特别关注活细胞成像方法，该方法能够在活细胞和组织中以高时空分辨率对它们进行检测。最后，我们将描述这些技术如何应用于亚细胞信号微区中第二信使动力学的分析。
