Faculty of Nursing, Siam University, Bangkok, 10160, Thailand.
Hum Resour Health. 2013 Apr 12;11:14. doi: 10.1186/1478-4491-11-14.
The demand for nurses is growing and has not yet been met in most developing countries, including India, Kenya, South Africa, and Thailand. Efforts to increase the capacity for production of professional nurses, equitable distribution and better retention have been given high strategic priority. This study examines the supply of, demand for, and policy environment of private nurse production in four selected countries.
A scoping systematic review was undertaken to assess the evidence for the role of private sector involvement in the production of nurses in India, Kenya, South Africa, and Thailand. An electronic database search was performed, and grey literature was also captured from the websites of Human Resources for Health (HRH)-related organizations and networks. The articles were reviewed and selected according to relevancy.
The review found that despite very different ratios of nurses to population ratios and differing degrees of international migration, there was a nursing shortage in all four countries which were struggling to meet growing demand. All four countries saw the private sector play an increasing role in nurse production. Policy responses varied from modifying regulation and accreditation schemes in Thailand, to easing regulation to speed up nurse production and recruitment in India. There were concerns about the quality of nurses being produced in private institutions.
Strategies must be devised to ensure that private nursing graduates serve public health needs of their populations. There must be policy coherence between producing nurses for export and ensuring sufficient supply to meet domestic needs, in particular in under-served areas. This study points to the need for further research in particular assessing the contributions made by the private sector to nurse production, and to examine the variance in quality of nurses produced.
在包括印度、肯尼亚、南非和泰国在内的大多数发展中国家，对护士的需求不断增长，但尚未得到满足。增加专业护士的培养能力、公平分配和更好地保留护士的努力已被赋予高度的战略优先地位。本研究考察了四个选定国家私人护士生产的供应、需求和政策环境。
进行了范围广泛的系统评价，以评估私营部门参与印度、肯尼亚、南非和泰国护士生产的作用的证据。进行了电子数据库搜索，并从与人力资源相关的组织和网络的网站上获取了灰色文献。根据相关性对文章进行了审查和选择。
审查发现，尽管这四个国家的护士与人口比例非常不同，国际移民程度也不同，但所有四个国家都存在护士短缺问题，难以满足日益增长的需求。所有四个国家都看到私营部门在护士生产中发挥了越来越大的作用。政策反应因国家而异，泰国调整了监管和认证计划，印度放宽了监管，以加快护士的生产和招聘。人们对私立机构培养的护士质量表示担忧。
必须制定策略，确保私立护理毕业生服务于其民众的公共卫生需求。在为出口生产护士和确保满足国内需求，特别是在服务不足地区的需求之间，必须保持政策一致性。本研究表明，需要进一步研究，特别是评估私营部门对护士生产的贡献，并研究所生产护士质量的差异。
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