Allan Sonia
Deakin University.
J Law Med. 2013 Mar;20(3):655-70.
While assisted reproductive treatment using donated gametes is widespread, and in many places, widely accepted, it has historically been shrouded in secrecy. Over time, however, there has been an increasing call from donor-conceived people, recipient parents and some donors to end the secrecy, and to release identifying information about donors to donor-conceived people. "Rights-based" arguments have at times been used to justify this call. This article examines whether a human rights framework supports the release of information and how such a framework might be applied when there are competing rights. It argues that the current balancing approach used to resolve such issues weighs in favour of release. Legal action has the potential to be legitimate and justifiable. A measure such as a contact veto system, which would serve to prevent unwanted contact with the person lodging the veto (either the donor or the donor-conceived person), would ensure proportionality. In this way, both donor-conceived people's rights to private life, identity and family, and donors' rights to privacy may be recognised and balanced.
虽然使用捐赠配子的辅助生殖治疗很普遍，并且在许多地方被广泛接受，但从历史上看，它一直笼罩在秘密之中。然而，随着时间的推移，越来越多的由捐赠配子受孕者、受赠父母和一些捐赠者呼吁结束这种秘密状态，并向由捐赠配子受孕者公布捐赠者的身份识别信息。有时会用“基于权利”的论点来为这一呼吁辩护。本文探讨人权框架是否支持信息的公布，以及当存在相互冲突的权利时，这样一个框架可能如何应用。文章认为，目前用于解决此类问题的平衡方法倾向于公布信息。法律行动有可能是合法且合理的。像接触否决制度这样的措施，将有助于防止与行使否决权的人（无论是捐赠者还是由捐赠配子受孕者）进行不必要的接触，将确保相称性。通过这种方式，由捐赠配子受孕者的私生活、身份和家庭权利，以及捐赠者的隐私权都可以得到承认和平衡。
