Stibrániová I, Lahová M, Bartíková P
Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Acta Virol. 2013;57(2):200-16. doi: 10.4149/av_2013_02_200.
Ticks are significant bloodsucking ectoparasites. Apart from causing blood loss and host skin damage, ticks are important vectors of tick-borne pathogens that cause disease in humans and animals as well as significant economic loss. For biological success, ticks evolved these substances with immunomodulatory activities capable of inhibiting host defence reactions (haemostasis, inflammation and immunity reactions), and which have a radical significance for their survival. The resulting feeding site represents a favourable environment and many pathogens began exploiting ticks to facilitate their transmission to the host. The structural-functional relationships of some salivary compounds have been outlined; however research on tick sialomas indicates that further extensive exploration is required on the subject. Also, tick saliva is a complex pharmacological component with great therapeutic potential for the treatment for some diseases.
蜱是重要的吸血外寄生虫。除了导致失血和宿主皮肤损伤外，蜱还是蜱传病原体的重要传播媒介，这些病原体可导致人类和动物患病，并造成重大经济损失。为了在生物学上取得成功，蜱进化出了这些具有免疫调节活性的物质，能够抑制宿主的防御反应（止血、炎症和免疫反应），这对它们的生存具有根本意义。由此形成的取食部位成为了一个有利的环境，许多病原体开始利用蜱来促进它们向宿主的传播。一些唾液化合物的结构-功能关系已经被阐明；然而，对蜱唾液瘤的研究表明，在这个问题上还需要进一步深入探索。此外，蜱唾液是一种复杂的药理成分，对某些疾病的治疗具有巨大的治疗潜力。
