Department of Dermato-Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark.
Contact Dermatitis. 2013 May;68(5):259-68. doi: 10.1111/cod.12045.
Occupational contact dermatitis is frequent, and further understanding of the epidemiology will improve the basis of its prevention. Objectives. To identify occupations at risk for severe occupational contact dermatitis.
The last 1000 cases of severe occupational contact dermatitis seen at our department were identified.
The study population comprised 618 females and 382 males. The mean age at onset of irritant contact dermatitis was significantly lower than the mean age at onset of allergic contact dermatitis for both sexes, irrespective of the presence of atopic dermatitis. Females at high risk were cooks, butchers, beauticians, bakers, and hairdressers, ranging from 23.3 to 96.8 cases per 10 000 workers per year. Males at high risk were painters, cooks, mechanics, locksmiths, and bakers, ranging from 16.5 to 32.3 cases per 10000 workers per year.
Occupational contact dermatitis remains frequent, even if only severe cases are considered. It is a concern that no effective, systematic interventions and prevention schemes have been launched in Europe, despite documentation of a significant problem over many years, and knowledge of risk occupations and risk factors. This study suggests new approaches for general and specific prevention of occupational contact dermatitis.
职业性接触性皮炎很常见，进一步了解其流行病学将有助于为其预防提供依据。目的：确定易患严重职业性接触性皮炎的职业。
本研究回顾性分析了我院近 1000 例严重职业性接触性皮炎患者的病例资料。
研究人群包括 618 名女性和 382 名男性。无论是否存在特应性皮炎，女性接触性刺激性皮炎的发病年龄均显著低于接触性变应性皮炎的发病年龄，而男性则无此差异。女性高危职业包括厨师、屠夫、美容师、面包师和理发师，每年每 10000 名工人中分别有 23.3 至 96.8 例；男性高危职业包括油漆工、厨师、机械师、锁匠和面包师，每年每 10000 名工人中分别有 16.5 至 32.3 例。
即使只考虑严重病例，职业性接触性皮炎仍然很常见。令人担忧的是，尽管多年来一直有大量证据表明这是一个严重的问题，但欧洲仍未采取有效的系统性干预和预防措施，也未明确易患职业和危险因素。本研究为职业性接触性皮炎的一般和特定预防提供了新的思路。
