Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
Obes Rev. 2013 Aug;14(8):645-58. doi: 10.1111/obr.12035. Epub 2013 Apr 22.
The purpose of this review was to examine the factors that predict the development of excessive fatness in children and adolescents. Medline, Web of Science and PubMed were searched to identify prospective cohort studies that evaluated the association between several variables (e.g. physical activity, sedentary behaviour, dietary intake and genetic, physiological, social cognitive, family and peer, school and community factors) and the development of excessive fatness in children and adolescents (5-18 years). Sixty-one studies met the eligibility criteria and were included. There is evidence to support the association between genetic factors and low physical activity with excessive fatness in children and adolescents. Current studies yielded mixed evidence for the contribution of sedentary behaviour, dietary intake, physiological biomarkers, family factors and the community physical activity environment. No conclusions could be drawn about social cognitive factors, peer factors, school nutrition and physical activity environments, and the community nutrition environment. There is a dearth of longitudinal evidence that examines specific factors contributing to the development of excessive fatness in childhood and adolescence. Given that childhood obesity is a worldwide public health concern, the field can benefit from large-scale, long-term prospective studies that use state-of-the-art measures in a diverse sample of children and adolescents.
本次综述的目的在于探讨可预测儿童和青少年肥胖发展的相关因素。我们检索了 Medline、Web of Science 和 PubMed，以鉴定前瞻性队列研究，评估多种变量（如身体活动、久坐行为、饮食摄入以及遗传、生理、社会认知、家庭和同伴、学校和社区因素）与儿童和青少年（5-18 岁）过度肥胖发展之间的相关性。共有 61 项研究符合入选标准。有证据表明遗传因素和低身体活动与儿童和青少年的过度肥胖有关。目前的研究对于久坐行为、饮食摄入、生理生物标志物、家庭因素和社区身体活动环境对肥胖的影响提供了混合证据。对于社会认知因素、同伴因素、学校营养和身体活动环境以及社区营养环境，尚无结论。目前缺乏专门针对导致儿童和青少年过度肥胖发展的特定因素的纵向研究证据。鉴于儿童肥胖是全球公共卫生关注的问题，该领域可以从使用先进测量方法、针对多样化儿童和青少年群体的大规模、长期前瞻性研究中受益。
