Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2013 Sep;229(1):187-97. doi: 10.1007/s00213-013-3098-5. Epub 2013 Apr 19.
Drug-addicted individuals show automatic approach tendencies towards drug-related cues, i.e., an approach bias (ApB). Nevertheless, little is known about ApB in tobacco smokers and about the presence of ApB after smoking abstinence.
We investigated ApB to smoking cues in heavy tobacco smokers versus never-smokers and studied its relation to smoking characteristics and craving. Second, we compared ApBs of heavy smokers with biases of abstinent heavy smokers.
A group of current heavy smokers (n = 24), ex-smokers who were abstinent for at least 5 years (n = 20), and never-smokers (n = 20) took part in the experiment. An indirect smoking approach avoidance task was performed, in which participants were required to respond to pictures of smoking and neutral cues by pulling (approach) or pushing (avoid) on a joystick, according to the content-irrelevant format of the picture (landscape or portrait). Craving scores were examined using the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges.
Heavy smokers showed an ApB for smoking cues compared to ex-smokers and never-smokers, which correlated positively to craving scores. There were no group differences in ApB scores for ex-smokers and never-smokers.
These results suggest that ApBs for smoking cues are present in heavy smokers and decrease after long-term successful smoking cessation.
药物成瘾者对与药物相关的线索表现出自动趋近倾向，即趋近偏差（ApB）。然而，人们对吸烟者的 ApB 知之甚少，也不知道吸烟戒断后是否存在 ApB。
我们调查了重度吸烟者与从不吸烟者对吸烟线索的趋近偏差（ApB），并研究了其与吸烟特征和渴求的关系。其次，我们比较了重度吸烟者的 ApB 与戒断后重度吸烟者的 ApB。
一组当前重度吸烟者（n=24）、至少戒断 5 年的前吸烟者（n=20）和从不吸烟者（n=20）参加了实验。采用间接吸烟趋近回避任务，要求参与者根据图片的无关内容格式（风景或肖像），通过拉动（趋近）或推动（回避）操纵杆来对吸烟和中性线索的图片做出反应。使用吸烟欲望问卷（Questionnaire of Smoking Urges）检查渴求评分。
与前吸烟者和从不吸烟者相比，重度吸烟者对吸烟线索表现出 ApB，且与渴求评分呈正相关。前吸烟者和从不吸烟者的 ApB 评分无组间差异。
这些结果表明，吸烟线索的 ApB 存在于重度吸烟者中，并在长期成功戒烟后减少。
