Department of Ophthalmology, Westmead Millennium Institute, Centre for Vision Research, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Br J Ophthalmol. 2013 Sep;97(9):1095-9. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-302637. Epub 2013 Apr 23.
To determine the age and ethnicity-specific prevalence of anisometropia in Australian preschool-aged children and to assess in this population-based study the risk of anisometropia with increasing ametropia levels and risk of amblyopia with increasing anisometropia.
A total 2090 children (aged 6-72 months) completed detailed eye examinations in the Sydney Paediatric Eye Disease Study, including cycloplegic refraction, and were included. Refraction was measured using a Canon RK-F1 autorefractor, streak retinoscopy and/or the Retinomax K-Plus 2 autorefractor. Anisometropia was defined by the spherical equivalent (SE) difference, and plus cylinder difference for any cylindrical axis between eyes.
The overall prevalence of SE and cylindrical anisometropia ≥1.0 D were 2.7% and 3.0%, for the overall sample and in children of European-Caucasian ethnicity, 3.2%, 1.9%; East-Asian 1.7%, 5.2%; South-Asian 2.5%, 3.6%; Middle-Eastern ethnicities 2.2%, 3.3%, respectively. Anisometropia prevalence was lower or similar to that in the Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study, Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study and the Strabismus, Amblyopia and Refractive error in Singapore study. Risk (OR) of anisometropic amblyopia with ≥1.0 D of SE and cylindrical anisometropia was 12.4 (CI 4.0 to 38.4) and 6.5 (CI 2.3 to 18.7), respectively. We found an increasing risk of anisometropia with higher myopia ≥-1.0 D, OR 61.6 (CI 21.3 to 308), hyperopia > +2.0 D, OR 13.6 (CI 2.9 to 63.6) and astigmatism ≥1.5 D, OR 30.0 (CI 14.5 to 58.1).
In this preschool-age population-based sample, anisometropia was uncommon with inter-ethnic differences in cylindrical anisometropia prevalence. We also quantified the rising risk of amblyopia with increasing SE and cylindrical anisometropia, and present the specific levels of refractive error and associated increasing risk of anisometropia.
确定澳大利亚学龄前儿童的屈光参差的年龄和种族特异性患病率，并在这项基于人群的研究中评估随着屈光不正程度的增加屈光参差的风险，以及随着屈光参差的增加弱视的风险。
悉尼儿科眼病研究共纳入 2090 名（6-72 月龄）儿童完成详细的眼部检查，包括睫状肌麻痹验光，并对其进行分析。使用佳能 RK-F1 自动验光仪、条纹视网膜镜和/或 Retinomax K-Plus 2 自动验光仪测量屈光度。屈光参差定义为双眼之间任何圆柱轴的球镜等效（SE）差异和圆柱镜差异。
总体样本中 SE 和圆柱状屈光参差≥1.0 D 的总体患病率分别为 2.7%和 3.0%，欧洲白种人族群中为 3.2%、1.9%；东亚裔为 1.7%、5.2%；南亚裔为 2.5%、3.6%；中东族群分别为 2.2%、3.3%。屈光参差的患病率低于或与巴尔的摩儿科眼病研究、多民族儿科眼病研究和新加坡斜视、弱视和屈光不正研究相似。SE 和圆柱状屈光参差≥1.0 D 的屈光参差性弱视的风险（OR）分别为 12.4（95%CI 4.0 至 38.4）和 6.5（95%CI 2.3 至 18.7）。我们发现随着近视≥-1.0 D、远视> +2.0 D 和散光≥1.5 D，屈光参差的风险呈上升趋势，OR 分别为 61.6（95%CI 21.3 至 308）、13.6（95%CI 2.9 至 63.6）和 30.0（95%CI 14.5 至 58.1）。
在本学龄前人群基础样本中，屈光参差较为少见，且不同种族间在圆柱状屈光参差的患病率上存在差异。我们还量化了随着 SE 和圆柱状屈光参差的增加弱视的风险，并提出了特定的屈光不正水平以及相关的屈光参差风险增加。
