Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616-8636, USA.
Acad Med. 2013 Jun;88(6):771-7. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e31828f8974.
The challenges of balancing a career and family life disproportionately affect women in academic health sciences and medicine, contributing to their slower career advancement and/or their attrition from academia. In this article, the authors first describe their experiences at the University of California, Davis, School of Medicine developing and implementing an innovative accelerator intervention designed to promote faculty work-life balance by improving knowledge, awareness, and access to comprehensive flexible career policies. They then summarize the results of two faculty surveys--one conducted before the implementation of their intervention and the second conducted one year into their three-year intervention--designed to assess faculty's use and intention to use the flexible career policies, their awareness of available options, barriers to their use of the policies, and their career satisfaction. The authors found that the intervention significantly increased awareness of the policies and attendance at related educational activities, improved attitudes toward the policies, and decreased perceived barriers to use. These results, however, were most pronounced for female faculty and faculty under the age of 50. The authors next discuss areas for future research on faculty use of flexible career policies and offer recommendations for other institutions of higher education--not just those in academic medicine--interested in implementing a similar intervention. They conclude that having flexible career policies alone is not enough to stem the attrition of female faculty. Such policies must be fully integrated into an institution's culture such that faculty are both aware of them and willing to use them.
平衡职业和家庭生活的挑战对学术健康科学和医学领域的女性影响不成比例,导致她们职业发展缓慢,或从学术界流失。本文作者首先描述了他们在加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校医学院的经历,开发并实施了一项创新的加速干预措施,旨在通过提高对全面灵活的职业政策的了解、认识和获取,促进教师的工作-生活平衡。然后,他们总结了两项教师调查的结果——一项在干预实施之前进行,第二项在他们为期三年的干预进行一年后进行——旨在评估教师对灵活职业政策的使用和意图使用、对可用选择的认识、使用政策的障碍以及他们的职业满意度。作者发现,干预措施显著提高了对政策的认识和参加相关教育活动的人数,改善了对政策的态度,并降低了使用政策的感知障碍。然而,这些结果在女性教师和 50 岁以下的教师中最为明显。作者接下来讨论了未来关于教师使用灵活职业政策的研究领域,并为其他高等教育机构(不仅是学术医学机构)提供了实施类似干预措施的建议。他们的结论是,仅仅拥有灵活的职业政策不足以阻止女性教师的流失。这些政策必须完全融入机构的文化,使教师既了解这些政策,又愿意使用这些政策。