School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6917, USA.
Am J Crit Care. 2013 May;22(3):198-210. doi: 10.4037/ajcc2013990.
Multidisciplinary rapid response teams focus on patients' emergent needs and manage critical situations to prevent avoidable deaths. Although research has focused primarily on outcomes, studies of the actual team effectiveness within the teams from multiple perspectives have been limited.
To describe effectiveness of rapid response teams in a large teaching hospital in California that had been using such teams for 5 years.
The grounded-theory method was used to discover if substantive theory might emerge from interview and/or observational data. Purposeful sampling was used to conduct in-person semistructured interviews with 17 key informants. Convenience sampling was used for the 9 observed events that involved a rapid response team. Analysis involved use of a concept or indicator model to generate empirical results from the data. Data were coded, compared, and contrasted, and, when appropriate, relationships between concepts were formed. Results Dimensions of effective team performance included the concepts of organizational culture, team structure, expertise, communication, and teamwork.
Professionals involved reported that rapid response teams functioned well in managing patients at risk or in crisis; however, unique challenges were identified. Teams were loosely coupled because of the inconsistency of team members from day to day. Team members had little opportunity to develop relationships or team skills. The need for team training may be greater than that among teams that work together regularly under less time pressure to perform. Communication between team members and managing a crisis were critical aspects of an effective response team.
多学科快速反应团队专注于患者的紧急需求，并管理危急情况，以防止可避免的死亡。尽管研究主要集中在结果上，但从多个角度研究团队内部的实际团队有效性的研究有限。
描述加利福尼亚州一家大型教学医院的快速反应团队的有效性，该医院已经使用此类团队 5 年。
采用扎根理论方法来发现访谈和/或观察数据是否可能产生实质性理论。采用目的性抽样对 17 名关键信息员进行了面对面的半结构式访谈。方便抽样用于涉及快速反应团队的 9 次观察事件。分析涉及使用概念或指标模型从数据中生成经验结果。对数据进行编码、比较和对比，并在适当情况下形成概念之间的关系。结果有效团队绩效的维度包括组织文化、团队结构、专业知识、沟通和团队合作的概念。
参与的专业人员报告说，快速反应团队在管理有风险或处于危机中的患者方面运作良好；然而，也确定了独特的挑战。由于团队成员每天的不一致性，团队松散耦合。团队成员几乎没有机会发展关系或团队技能。团队培训的需求可能大于在压力下定期共同工作以执行任务的团队。团队成员之间的沟通和管理危机是有效反应团队的关键方面。
