Neumann N J, Schauder S
Universitätshautklinik der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
Hautarzt. 2013 May;64(5):354-62. doi: 10.1007/s00105-012-2512-y.
Many artificial or naturally occurring substances are included under the term photosensitizer. After ultraviolet (UV) exposure such agents can lead to increased photosensitivity and subsequently to phototoxic or photoallergic reactions in the skin. From clinical observations and comprehensive studies typical reaction patterns can be deduced which can clarify the difference between phototoxic and photoallergic dermatitis.An illuminated epicutaneous test based on conventional epicutaneous tests, the photopatch test, was developed as a screening method for identification of photosensitizers. The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of the test is comparable to conventional epicutaneous testing. If possible photosensitizers do not cause any relevant reactions with the photopatch test, other test procedures, such as the photoprick, photoscratch and illuminated intracutaneous tests are available. If the actual photosensitizer is not the test substance but a metabolite of the test substance, a systemic photoprovocation test can be indicated.
许多人工合成或天然存在的物质都被归为光敏剂这一类别。在紫外线（UV）照射后，这类物质会导致光敏性增加，进而引发皮肤的光毒性或光变应性反应。通过临床观察和全面研究，可以推断出典型的反应模式，这有助于厘清光毒性和光变应性皮炎之间的差异。基于传统皮肤试验开发的一种光照皮肤试验——光斑贴试验，被用作鉴定光敏剂的筛查方法。该试验的诊断特异性和敏感性与传统皮肤试验相当。如果可能的光敏剂在光斑贴试验中未引起任何相关反应，则可采用其他试验方法，如光点刺试验、光划痕试验和光照皮内试验。如果实际的光敏剂不是受试物质，而是受试物质的代谢产物，则可考虑进行系统性光激发试验。
