Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.
Addict Behav. 2013 Aug;38(8):2409-13. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.03.019. Epub 2013 Apr 3.
The cigarette dependence scale (CDS) was developed to assess principal aspects of smoking dependence. In a French longitudinal survey, CDS showed stronger relationships to urge and change in smoking rate than the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND). Neither measure predicted abstinence at follow-up in that survey but there was no treatment or cessation induction. The present study investigated concurrent and predictive validity of the CDS in a treatment population by comparing the CDS to the FTND and other measures of tobacco involvement as (1) a correlate of smoking and cessation history and (2) a predictor of short-term smoking abstinence among smokers with substance use disorders (SUD) receiving smoking treatment.
Smokers (10+ cigarettes per day) in substance treatment received brief advice and nicotine patch for 8 weeks; half also received contingent vouchers for smoking cessation. Assessments were conducted pretreatment and 7, 14 and 30 days after treatment initiation, with abstinence verified biochemically.
At baseline (n=305), the 12-item and 5-item CDS versions showed excellent and marginal reliability, respectively. FTND shared 43 and 61% of variance with CDS-12 and CDS-5, respectively. FTND and CDS scales correlated positively with cigarettes per day, and negatively with time to first cigarette, motivation to quit and age at first daily smoking. Only CDS correlated with the number of past quit attempts. Neither CDS nor FTND predicted abstinence within treatment, unlike the motivation measure and time to first cigarette.
In moderate-heavy smokers with SUD in smoking treatment in the U.S., the CDS is largely equivalent to the FTND as an indicator of tobacco dependence but the CDS-5 is less reliable. Motivation was the most consistent predictor of outcome, and time to first cigarette was the only tobacco dependence measure that predicted smoking abstinence during treatment.
吸烟依赖量表（CDS）旨在评估吸烟依赖的主要方面。在一项法国纵向研究中，CDS 与吸烟率的冲动和变化的相关性强于尼古丁依赖 Fagerström 测试（FTND）。在该研究中，这两种测量方法都不能预测随访时的戒烟率，但没有治疗或戒烟诱导。本研究通过比较 CDS 与 FTND 和其他烟草使用情况的测量方法，在治疗人群中调查了 CDS 的同时和预测有效性，（1）作为吸烟和戒烟史的相关因素；（2）作为接受物质使用障碍（SUD）吸烟治疗的吸烟者短期戒烟的预测因素。
物质治疗中的吸烟者（每天 10 支以上香烟）接受了简短的建议和尼古丁贴片治疗 8 周；一半还接受了与戒烟相关的代金券。在治疗开始前、治疗后 7、14 和 30 天进行评估，并通过生物化学验证来确定是否戒烟。
在基线时（n=305），12 项和 5 项 CDS 版本分别具有极好和边缘可靠性。FTND 与 CDS-12 和 CDS-5 分别共享 43%和 61%的方差。FTND 和 CDS 量表与每天吸烟的数量呈正相关，与首次吸烟的时间、戒烟的动机和首次每天吸烟的年龄呈负相关。只有 CDS 与过去戒烟尝试的次数有关。与激励测量和首次吸烟时间不同，CDS 和 FTND 都不能预测治疗中的戒烟率。
在美国接受物质治疗的中重度吸烟者中，CDS 在很大程度上与 FTND 一样是烟草依赖的指标，但 CDS-5 的可靠性较低。动机是最一致的结果预测因素，而首次吸烟时间是唯一预测治疗期间戒烟的烟草依赖测量方法。
