Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.
PLoS One. 2013 May 1;8(5):e61490. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061490. Print 2013.
The analysis of dietary patterns has become a valuable tool to examine diet-disease relationships but little is known about their effects on quality of life. Our aim was to ascertain the association between major dietary patterns and mental and physical quality of life after 4 years of follow-up.
This analysis included 11,128 participants from the "Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra" (SUN) cohort. Dietary habits were assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Factor analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. Quality of life was measured with the validated Spanish version of the SF-36 Health Survey.
Two major dietary patterns were identified, the 'Western' dietary pattern (rich in red meats, processed pastries and fast-food) and the "Mediterranean" dietary pattern (high in fruits, vegetables and olive oil). After controlling for confounders, the Western dietary pattern was associated with quality of life in all domains. The magnitude of these differences between the subjects in the highest (quintile 5) and the lowest quintile of adherence to the Western pattern ranged from -0.8 (for mental health) to -3.5 (for vitality). On the contrary, the Mediterranean dietary pattern was associated with better quality of life domains: differences ranged from +1.3 (for physical functioning) to +3.4 (for vitality) when comparing extreme quintiles of adherence. Additional sensitivity analyses did not change the reported differences.
Whereas baseline adherence to a Western dietary pattern was inversely associated with self-perceived quality of life after 4 years of follow-up, baseline adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern was directly associated with better scores in quality of life four years later in the SUN Project.
饮食模式分析已成为研究饮食与疾病关系的有效工具，但人们对其对生活质量的影响知之甚少。我们的目的是确定主要饮食模式与 4 年后的心理和生理生活质量之间的关联。
本分析包括来自“纳瓦拉大学随访研究”（SUN）队列的 11128 名参与者。饮食习惯使用经过验证的食物频率问卷进行评估。使用因子分析得出饮食模式。使用经过验证的西班牙版 SF-36 健康调查来衡量生活质量。
确定了两种主要的饮食模式，即“西方”饮食模式（富含红肉、加工糕点和快餐）和“地中海”饮食模式（富含水果、蔬菜和橄榄油）。在控制混杂因素后，西方饮食模式与所有领域的生活质量都相关。在对西方模式的依从性最高（第 5 个五分位）和最低五分位的受试者之间，这些差异的幅度从心理健康的-0.8 到活力的-3.5。相反，地中海饮食模式与更好的生活质量领域相关：在比较极端五分位的依从性时，差异范围从生理功能的+1.3 到活力的+3.4。额外的敏感性分析并未改变报告的差异。
虽然基线时对西方饮食模式的依从性与 4 年后的自我感知生活质量呈负相关，但基线时对地中海饮食模式的依从性与 SUN 项目 4 年后生活质量更好的评分直接相关。
