Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2013 Jul;103(7):1240-8. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.301043. Epub 2013 May 16.
We studied state-adopted bicycle guidelines to determine whether cycle tracks (physically separated, bicycle-exclusive paths adjacent to sidewalks) were recommended, whether they were built, and their crash rate.
We analyzed and compared US bicycle facility guidelines published between 1972 and 1999. We identified 19 cycle tracks in the United States and collected extensive data on cycle track design, usage, and crash history from local communities. We used bicycle counts and crash data to estimate crash rates.
A bicycle facility guideline written in 1972 endorsed cycle tracks but American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) guidelines (1974-1999) discouraged or did not include cycle tracks and did not cite research about crash rates on cycle tracks. For the 19 US cycle tracks we examined, the overall crash rate was 2.3 (95% confidence interval = 1.7, 3.0) per 1 million bicycle kilometers.
AASHTO bicycle guidelines are not explicitly based on rigorous or up-to-date research. Our results show that the risk of bicycle-vehicle crashes is lower on US cycle tracks than published crashes rates on roadways. This study and previous investigations support building cycle tracks.
我们研究了各州通过的自行车指南，以确定是否推荐使用自行车道（与人行道相邻的物理隔离、仅供自行车使用的路径）、是否已建成以及它们的事故率。
我们分析并比较了 1972 年至 1999 年期间发布的美国自行车设施指南。我们在美国确定了 19 条自行车道，并从当地社区收集了有关自行车道设计、使用和事故历史的广泛数据。我们使用自行车计数和事故数据来估算事故率。
1972 年编写的自行车设施指南赞成自行车道，但美国州际公路和运输官员协会（AASHTO）指南（1974-1999 年）不鼓励或不包括自行车道，也没有引用有关自行车道事故率的研究。对于我们检查的 19 条美国自行车道，总体事故率为每 100 万自行车公里 2.3（95%置信区间=1.7，3.0）。
AASHTO 自行车指南并非明确基于严格或最新的研究。我们的结果表明，与道路上公布的碰撞率相比，美国自行车道上自行车与车辆碰撞的风险较低。本研究和以前的调查支持建设自行车道。
