Injury Prevention Research Center, University of Iowa, 2186 WL, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Accid Anal Prev. 2013 Jul;56:103-9. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.12.031. Epub 2013 Jan 18.
An average of 611 deaths and over 47,000 bicyclists are injured in traffic-related crashes in the United States each year. Efforts to increase bicycle safety are needed to reduce and prevent injuries and fatalities, especially as trends indicate that ridership is increasing rapidly. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bicycle-specific roadway facilities (e.g., signage and bicycle lanes) in reducing bicycle crashes.
We conducted a case site-control site study of 147 bicycle crash-sites identified from the Iowa Department of Transportation crash database from 2007 to 2010 and 147 matched non-crash sites. Control sites were randomly selected from intersections matched to case sites on neighborhood (census block group) and road classification (arterial, feeder, collector, etc.). We examined crash risk by any on-road bicycle facility present and by facility type (pavement markings--bicycle lanes and shared lane arrows, bicycle-specific signage, and the combination of markings and signage), controlling for bicycle volume, motor vehicle volume, street width, sidewalks, and traffic controls.
A total of 11.6% of case sites and 15.0% of controls had an on-road bicycle facility. Case intersections had higher bicycle volume (3.52 vs. 3.34 per 30 min) and motor vehicle volume (248.77 vs. 205.76 per 30 min) than controls. Our results are suggestive that the presence of an on-road bicycle facility decreases crash risk by as much as 60% with a bicycle lane or shared lane arrow (OR=0.40, 95% CI=0.09-1.82) and 38% with bicycle-specific signage (OR=0.62, 95% CI=0.15-2.58).
Investments in bicycle-specific pavement markings and signage have been shown to be beneficial to traffic flow, and our results suggest that they may also reduce the number of bicycle-motor vehicle crashes and subsequent injuries and fatalities. As a relatively low-cost traffic feature, community considerations for further implementation of these facilities are justified.
每年在美国，平均有 611 人死亡，47000 多名骑自行车的人在与交通相关的事故中受伤。需要努力提高自行车安全性，以减少和预防伤害和死亡，特别是因为趋势表明骑行率正在迅速增加。本研究的目的是评估自行车专用道路设施（例如标志和自行车道）减少自行车事故的效果。
我们对 2007 年至 2010 年爱荷华州交通部事故数据库中确定的 147 个自行车事故现场和 147 个匹配的非事故现场进行了病例对照现场研究。对照现场是从与病例现场在社区（人口普查街区组）和道路分类（动脉、支线、收集器等）相匹配的交叉口中随机选择的。我们通过存在的任何道路自行车设施以及设施类型（路面标记-自行车道和共享车道箭头、自行车专用标志以及标记和标志的组合）来检查碰撞风险，同时控制自行车数量、机动车数量、街道宽度、人行道和交通控制。
病例现场有 11.6%，对照现场有 15.0%有道路自行车设施。病例交叉口的自行车数量（每 30 分钟 3.52 辆）和机动车数量（每 30 分钟 248.77 辆）高于对照。我们的结果表明，存在道路自行车设施可使自行车道或共享车道箭头的碰撞风险降低多达 60%（OR=0.40，95%CI=0.09-1.82），自行车专用标志的碰撞风险降低 38%（OR=0.62，95%CI=0.15-2.58）。
已经证明，投资于自行车专用路面标记和标志对交通流量有益，我们的结果表明，它们还可能减少自行车与机动车碰撞的数量以及随后的伤害和死亡。作为一种相对低成本的交通特征，社区有理由考虑进一步实施这些设施。
