Department of Health System Management and Policy, University of Limpopo (MEDUNSA Campus), Pretoria 0424, South Africa.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013 May 21;10(5):2043-57. doi: 10.3390/ijerph10052043.
The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Screening and Brief Intervention (SBI) for alcohol problems among university students in South Africa. The study design for this efficacy study is a randomized controlled trial with 6- and 12-month follow-ups to examine the effects of a brief alcohol intervention to reduce alcohol use by hazardous and harmful drinkers in a university setting. The unit of randomization is the individual university student identified as a hazardous or harmful drinker attending public recruitment venues in a university campus. University students were screened for alcohol problems, and those identified as hazardous or harmful drinkers were randomized into an experimental or control group. The experimental group received one brief counseling session on alcohol risk reduction, while the control group received a health education leaflet. Results indicate that of the 722 screened for alcohol and who agreed to participate in the trial 152 (21.1%) tested positive for the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) (score 8 or more). Among the 147 (96.7%) university students who also attended the 12-month follow-up session, the intervention effect on the AUDIT score was -1.5, which was statistically significant (P = 0.009). Further, the depression scores marginally significantly decreased over time across treatment groups, while other substance use (tobacco and cannabis use), self-rated health status and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) scores did not change over time across treatment groups. The study provides evidence of effective brief intervention by assistant nurses with hazardous and harmful drinkers in a university setting in South Africa. The short duration of the brief intervention makes it a realistic candidate for use in a university setting.
本研究旨在评估南非大学生中筛查和简短干预（SBI）对酒精问题的有效性。这项疗效研究的设计是一项随机对照试验，具有 6 个月和 12 个月的随访期，旨在研究简短的酒精干预措施对减少大学环境中危险和有害饮酒者的饮酒量的效果。随机化的单位是被确定为危险或有害饮酒者的个体大学生，他们在大学校园的公共招募场所参加。对大学生进行酒精问题筛查，将被确定为危险或有害饮酒者的学生随机分为实验组或对照组。实验组接受一次关于减少酒精风险的简短咨询，而对照组则接受健康教育传单。结果表明，在对 722 名接受酒精筛查并同意参加试验的学生中，有 152 名（21.1%）对酒精使用障碍识别测试（AUDIT）测试呈阳性（得分 8 或更高）。在 147 名（96.7%）也参加 12 个月随访的大学生中，干预对 AUDIT 评分的影响为-1.5，具有统计学意义（P=0.009）。此外，随着时间的推移，治疗组的抑郁评分略有显著下降，而其他物质使用（烟草和大麻使用）、自我评估的健康状况和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）评分在治疗组之间没有随时间变化。该研究为南非大学环境中助理护士对危险和有害饮酒者进行有效简短干预提供了证据。简短干预的持续时间很短，使其成为大学环境中使用的现实候选者。
