Savini Isabella, Catani Maria Valeria, Evangelista Daniela, Gasperi Valeria, Avigliano Luciana
Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2013 May 21;14(5):10497-538. doi: 10.3390/ijms140510497.
Obesity represents a major risk factor for a plethora of severe diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. It is often accompanied by an increased risk of mortality and, in the case of non-fatal health problems, the quality of life is impaired because of associated conditions, including sleep apnea, respiratory problems, osteoarthritis, and infertility. Recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress may be the mechanistic link between obesity and related complications. In obese patients, antioxidant defenses are lower than normal weight counterparts and their levels inversely correlate with central adiposity; obesity is also characterized by enhanced levels of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species. Inadequacy of antioxidant defenses probably relies on different factors: obese individuals may have a lower intake of antioxidant- and phytochemical-rich foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and legumes; otherwise, consumption of antioxidant nutrients is normal, but obese individuals may have an increased utilization of these molecules, likewise to that reported in diabetic patients and smokers. Also inadequate physical activity may account for a decreased antioxidant state. In this review, we describe current concepts in the meaning of obesity as a state of chronic oxidative stress and the potential interventions to improve redox balance.
肥胖是众多严重疾病的主要风险因素，包括糖尿病、心血管疾病、非酒精性脂肪性肝病和癌症。肥胖常伴随着死亡风险增加，而且在出现非致命性健康问题的情况下，由于相关病症，如睡眠呼吸暂停、呼吸问题、骨关节炎和不孕症，生活质量会受到损害。最近的证据表明，氧化应激可能是肥胖与相关并发症之间的机制联系。在肥胖患者中，抗氧化防御能力低于正常体重者，其水平与中心性肥胖呈负相关；肥胖的特征还包括活性氧或氮物种水平升高。抗氧化防御不足可能取决于不同因素：肥胖个体可能摄入富含抗氧化剂和植物化学物质的食物较少，如水果、蔬菜和豆类；或者，抗氧化营养素的摄入量正常，但肥胖个体可能对这些分子的利用率增加，这与糖尿病患者和吸烟者的情况类似。同样，身体活动不足也可能导致抗氧化状态下降。在本综述中，我们描述了肥胖作为一种慢性氧化应激状态的当前概念以及改善氧化还原平衡的潜在干预措施。
