Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Curr Drug Targets. 2013 Oct;14(11):1237-48. doi: 10.2174/13894501113149990014.
Recently, mood disorders have been discussed to be characterized by glial pathology. The protein S100B, a growth and differentiation factor, is located in, and may actively be released by astro- and oligodendrocytes. This protein is easily assessed in human serum and provides a useful parameter for glial activation or injury. Here, we review studies investigating the glial marker S100B in serum of patients with mood disorders. Studies consistently show that S100B is elevated in mood disorders; more strongly in major depressive than bipolar disorder. Consistent with the glial hypothesis of mood disorders, serum S100B levels interact with age with higher levels in elderly depressed subjects. Successful antidepressive treatment has been associated with serum S100B reduction in major depression, whereas there is no evidence of treatment effects in mania. In contrast to the glial marker S100B, the neuronal marker protein neuron-specific enolase is unaltered in mood disorders. Recently, serum S100B has been linked to specific imaging parameters in the human white matter suggesting a role for S100B as an oligodendrocytic marker protein. In sum, serum S100B can be regarded as a promising in vivo biomarker for mood disorders deepening the understanding of the pathogenesis and plasticity-changes in these disorders. Future longitudinal studies combining serum S100B with other cell-specific serum parameters and multimodal imaging are warranted to further explore this serum protein in the development, monitoring and treatment of mood disorders.
最近，人们讨论心境障碍的特征是神经胶质病理学。S100B 蛋白是一种生长和分化因子，位于星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞中，并可能由其主动释放。这种蛋白质在人血清中很容易被评估，为神经胶质激活或损伤提供了一个有用的参数。在这里，我们回顾了研究心境障碍患者血清中神经胶质标志物 S100B 的研究。研究一致表明，心境障碍患者的 S100B 升高；在重度抑郁症中比双相情感障碍更为明显。与心境障碍的神经胶质假说一致，血清 S100B 水平与年龄相互作用，老年抑郁患者的水平更高。抗抑郁治疗成功与 S100B 降低有关，而在躁狂症中没有治疗效果的证据。与神经胶质标志物 S100B 不同，神经元标志物神经元特异性烯醇化酶在心境障碍中没有改变。最近，血清 S100B 与人类白质中的特定成像参数有关，这表明 S100B 可能作为少突胶质细胞标志物蛋白发挥作用。总之，血清 S100B 可以被视为一种有前途的心境障碍的体内生物标志物，加深了对这些疾病发病机制和可塑性变化的理解。未来的纵向研究将结合血清 S100B 与其他细胞特异性血清参数和多模态成像，以进一步探索这种血清蛋白在心境障碍的发展、监测和治疗中的作用。
