Spans Lien, Clinckemalie Liesbeth, Helsen Christine, Vanderschueren Dirk, Boonen Steven, Lerut Evelyne, Joniau Steven, Claessens Frank
Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 901, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Int J Mol Sci. 2013 May 24;14(6):10822-51. doi: 10.3390/ijms140610822.
By the age of 80, approximately 80% of men will manifest some cancerous cells within their prostate, indicating that prostate cancer constitutes a major health burden. While this disease is clinically insignificant in most men, it can become lethal in others. The most challenging task for clinicians is developing a patient-tailored treatment in the knowledge that this disease is highly heterogeneous and that relatively little adequate prognostic tools are available to distinguish aggressive from indolent disease. Next-generation sequencing allows a description of the cancer at an unprecedented level of detail and at different levels, going from whole genome or exome sequencing to transcriptome analysis and methylation-specific immunoprecipitation, followed by sequencing. Integration of all these data is leading to a better understanding of the initiation, progression and metastatic processes of prostate cancer. Ultimately, these insights will result in a better and more personalized treatment of patients suffering from prostate cancer. The present review summarizes current knowledge on copy number changes, gene fusions, single nucleotide mutations and polymorphisms, methylation, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs obtained from high-throughput studies.
到80岁时，约80%的男性前列腺内会出现一些癌细胞，这表明前列腺癌构成了一项重大的健康负担。虽然这种疾病在大多数男性中临床意义不大，但在其他一些男性中可能会致命。临床医生面临的最具挑战性的任务是，在了解这种疾病高度异质性且相对缺乏足够的预后工具来区分侵袭性疾病和惰性疾病的情况下，制定针对患者的个性化治疗方案。新一代测序能够以前所未有的详细程度在不同层面描述癌症，从全基因组或外显子组测序到转录组分析以及甲基化特异性免疫沉淀，随后进行测序。整合所有这些数据有助于更好地理解前列腺癌的起始、进展和转移过程。最终，这些见解将使前列腺癌患者得到更好、更个性化的治疗。本综述总结了从高通量研究中获得的关于拷贝数变化、基因融合、单核苷酸突变和多态性、甲基化、微小RNA和长链非编码RNA的现有知识。
