Division of Allergic Diseases, Departments of Internal Medicine and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2013;161 Suppl 2(0 2):3-9. doi: 10.1159/000350662. Epub 2013 May 29.
The eosinophil is a granulocyte prominent in allergic diseases and inflammatory responses against helminthic parasites. The eosinophil was named by Paul Ehrlich in 1879, and derives from the intense staining of its granules with the acidic dye eosin. It has been the subject of extensive investigation ever since. It is strongly associated with human diseases involving mucosal surfaces, such as allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis and gastrointestinal disorders. Eosinophils are likely involved in tissue homeostasis, modulation of adaptive immune responses, innate immunity to certain microbes and pathological changes in allergic disorders. Thus, the eosinophil is considered a multifunctional leukocyte that contributes to a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes, depending on its location and activation status. Further studies will be necessary to better understand the biology of this extraordinary leukocyte and to reveal the importance of the cell in human health and disease.
嗜酸性粒细胞是一种在过敏疾病和针对寄生虫的炎症反应中显著的粒细胞。嗜酸性粒细胞由保罗·埃尔利希于 1879 年命名，其名称来源于其颗粒与酸性染料伊红的强烈染色。自那时以来，它一直是广泛研究的对象。它与涉及黏膜表面的人类疾病密切相关，如过敏性哮喘、特应性皮炎和胃肠道疾病。嗜酸性粒细胞可能参与组织稳态、适应性免疫反应的调节、对某些微生物的先天免疫以及过敏疾病的病理变化。因此，嗜酸性粒细胞被认为是一种多功能白细胞，根据其位置和激活状态，参与多种生理和病理过程。进一步的研究将有助于更好地理解这种特殊白细胞的生物学特性，并揭示该细胞在人类健康和疾病中的重要性。
