Dennis Emily L, Thompson Paul M
Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, UCLA School of Medicine, 635 Charles Young Drive South, Suite 225, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7334, USA.
Int J Dev Neurosci. 2013 Nov;31(7):525-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.05.007. Epub 2013 May 27.
Recently, there has been a wealth of research into structural and functional brain connectivity, and how they change over development. While we are far from a complete understanding, these studies have yielded important insights into human brain development. There is an ever growing variety of methods for assessing connectivity, each with its own advantages. Here we review research on the development of structural and/or functional brain connectivity in both typically developing subjects and subjects with neurodevelopmental disorders. Space limitations preclude an exhaustive review of brain connectivity across all developmental disorders, so we review a representative selection of recent findings on brain connectivity in autism, Fragile X, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, Williams syndrome, Turner syndrome, and ADHD. Major strides have been made in understanding the developmental trajectory of the human connectome, offering insight into characteristic features of brain development and biological processes involved in developmental brain disorders. We also discuss some common themes, including hemispheric specialization - or asymmetry - and sex differences. We conclude by discussing some promising future directions in connectomics, including the merger of imaging and genetics, and a deeper investigation of the relationships between structural and functional connectivity.
最近，针对大脑结构和功能连接以及它们在发育过程中的变化展开了大量研究。尽管我们还远未完全理解，但这些研究已为人类大脑发育提供了重要见解。评估连接性的方法日益多样，每种方法都有其自身优势。在此，我们回顾了关于典型发育个体和患有神经发育障碍个体的大脑结构和/或功能连接发育的研究。篇幅限制使得无法对所有发育障碍中的大脑连接性进行详尽综述，因此我们回顾了关于自闭症、脆性X综合征、22q11.2缺失综合征、威廉姆斯综合征、特纳综合征和注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）大脑连接性的近期代表性研究结果。在理解人类连接组的发育轨迹方面已取得重大进展，这为洞察大脑发育的特征以及发育性脑部疾病所涉及的生物学过程提供了思路。我们还讨论了一些共同主题，包括半球特化——即不对称性——以及性别差异。最后，我们讨论了连接组学未来一些有前景的发展方向，包括成像与遗传学的融合，以及对结构和功能连接之间关系的更深入研究。
