Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Lancet Infect Dis. 2013 Jul;13(7):622-8. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70066-5. Epub 2013 May 31.
HIV superinfection occurs when an individual with HIV is infected with a new distinct HIV viral strain. Superinfection has been reported throughout the world, and studies have recorded incidence rates of 0-7·7% per year. Use of next-generation sequencing has improved detection of superinfection, which can be transmitted by injecting drug use and sexual intercourse. Superinfection might have incidence rates comparable to those of initial HIV infection. Clinicians should encourage safe sexual and injecting drug use practices for HIV-infected patients because superinfection has detrimental effects on clinical outcomes and could pose a concern for large-scale antiretroviral treatment plans. The occurrence of superinfection has implications for vaccine research, since it seems initial HIV infection is not fully protective against a subsequent infection. Additional collaborative research could benefit care of patients and inform future vaccine design.
HIV 合并感染是指 HIV 感染者感染了新的、不同的 HIV 病毒株。在全球范围内都有合并感染的报告，研究记录的年发生率为 0-7.7%。使用下一代测序技术提高了对合并感染的检测能力，合并感染可通过注射吸毒和性行为传播。合并感染的发生率可能与初次 HIV 感染相当。由于合并感染对临床结局有不利影响，并可能成为大规模抗逆转录病毒治疗计划的一个问题，因此临床医生应鼓励 HIV 感染者采取安全的性行为和注射吸毒行为。合并感染的发生对疫苗研究有影响，因为似乎初次 HIV 感染并不能完全预防随后的感染。更多的合作研究可以使患者受益，并为未来的疫苗设计提供信息。
