在埃塞俄比亚西南部的吉马镇，小学生和囚犯中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的流行情况和抗生素敏感性模式。
Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among primary school children and prisoners in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia.
机构信息
Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
出版信息
Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2013 Jun 4;12:11. doi: 10.1186/1476-0711-12-11.
BACKGROUND
Staphylococcus aureus infections are increasingly reported from both health institutions and communities around the world. In particular, infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains have been detected worldwide. If MRSA becomes the most common form of S. aureus in a community, it makes the treatment of common infections much more difficult. But, report on the current status of community acquired MRSA in the study area is scanty.
METHODS
Community-based cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate the current prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of MRSA among primary school children and prisoners in Jimma town. MRSA was detected using Cefoxitin (30μg) disc; and epidemiologic risk factors were assessed using pre-designed questionnaires distributed to the children's parents and prisoners. A total of 354 nasal swabs were collected from primary school children and prisoners from December 2010 to March 2011 following standards microbiological methods.
RESULTS
A total of 169 S. aureus isolates were recovered. The overall prevalence of MRSA among the study population was 23.08 % (39/169). Specifically, the prevalence of MRSA among primary school children and prisoners were 18.8% (27/144) and 48% (12/25), respectively. The isolated S. aureus and MRSA displayed multiple drug resistance (MDR) to 2 to 10 antibiotics. The most frequent MDR was Amp/Bac/Ery/Pen/Fox (resistance to Ampicillin, Bacitracin, Erythromycin, Penicillin, and Cefoxitin).
CONCLUSION
The present study revealed that MRSA could be prevalent in the healthy community, transmitted from hospital to the community. The high distribution of MRSA could be favored by potential risk factors. Thus, for comprehensive evaluation of the current prevalence of MRSA and design control measures, consideration need to be given to the healthy community besides data coming from health institutions.
背景
金黄色葡萄球菌感染在世界各地的医疗机构和社区中都有越来越多的报道。特别是，耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）菌株引起的感染已在全球范围内被发现。如果 MRSA 成为社区中最常见的金黄色葡萄球菌形式，那么治疗常见感染将变得更加困难。但是，关于研究区域社区获得性 MRSA 的现状报告却很少。
方法
本研究采用基于社区的横断面研究，评估了 Jimma 镇小学生和囚犯中 MRSA 的当前流行率和抗生素敏感性模式。使用头孢西丁（30μg）纸片检测 MRSA；并使用预先设计的问卷评估儿童父母和囚犯的流行病学危险因素。2010 年 12 月至 2011 年 3 月，按照标准微生物学方法从小学生和囚犯中采集了 354 份鼻拭子。
结果
共回收了 169 株金黄色葡萄球菌。研究人群中 MRSA 的总流行率为 23.08％（39/169）。具体而言，小学生和囚犯中 MRSA 的流行率分别为 18.8％（27/144）和 48％（12/25）。分离的金黄色葡萄球菌和 MRSA 对 2 至 10 种抗生素表现出多重耐药性（MDR）。最常见的 MDR 是 Amp/Bac/Ery/Pen/Fox（对氨苄西林、杆菌肽、红霉素、青霉素和头孢西丁耐药）。
结论
本研究表明，MRSA 可能在健康社区中流行，并从医院传播到社区。MRSA 的高分布可能受到潜在危险因素的影响。因此，为了全面评估当前 MRSA 的流行率并设计控制措施，除了来自医疗机构的数据外，还需要考虑健康社区。
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